In over 119,000 adults, 89.2% of COPD cases were underdiagnosed, which was associated with a 1.53 hazard ratio for mortality compared to having no…In over 119,000 adults, 89.2% of COPD cases were underdiagnosed, which was associated with a 1.53 hazard ratio for mortality compared to having no COPD. In a prospective study of 119,252 adults aged 35 to 70 across 25 countries, researchers assessed the burden and outcomes of chronic…
In 10,878 older adults, regular exercise dropped only when survival expectations fell, whereas paid health checkups increased only when expectations…In 10,878 older adults, regular exercise dropped only when survival expectations fell, whereas paid health checkups increased only when expectations rose. In a study of 10,878 South Korean adults aged 45 and older, researchers examined how changes in subjective survival probability relate…
Black women had three times the odds of latent infecundity, and both infecundity probability and high parity tracked with more later-life medical…Black women had three times the odds of latent infecundity, and both infecundity probability and high parity tracked with more later-life medical conditions. Researchers analyzed ever-married, non-Hispanic Black and White women born between 1920 and 1941 from the historical Health and…
In NHATS data from 2011 to 2024, 23.6% of homebound adults returned to independence, while being unpartnered was linked to higher nursing home and…In NHATS data from 2011 to 2024, 23.6% of homebound adults returned to independence, while being unpartnered was linked to higher nursing home and mortality risks. Using data from the National Health and Aging Trends Study from 2011 to 2024, researchers tracked transitions between…
Post-retirement cognitive decline reached -0.194 points per year in rural areas compared to -0.164 points per year in urban settings.Post-retirement cognitive decline reached -0.194 points per year in rural areas compared to -0.164 points per year in urban settings. In a study of 3,675 participants from the U.S.
In 6,785 adults, adjusting for four inflammatory biomarkers reduced the Black-White heart failure log-hazard difference by 57.5% relative to a…In 6,785 adults, adjusting for four inflammatory biomarkers reduced the Black-White heart failure log-hazard difference by 57.5% relative to a clinical model. In a prospective cohort of 6,785 adults from four racial and ethnic groups in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis followed…
A preprint finds physical activity protected against depressive symptoms in US older adults (β = −2.734), but effects varied by education and living…A preprint finds physical activity protected against depressive symptoms in US older adults (β = −2.734), but effects varied by education and living arrangements across countries.
Genomes from 248 Alzheimer's patients carried significantly more endogenous viral elements than those from 240 cognitively healthy centenarians…Genomes from 248 Alzheimer's patients carried significantly more endogenous viral elements than those from 240 cognitively healthy centenarians (p=3.2x10-4). In a preprint analyzing long-read sequencing data from 248 human Alzheimer's disease patients and 240 cognitively healthy…
In pooled data from older adults in China, multiple chronic conditions were associated with lower intrinsic capacity (β = -0.076).In pooled data from older adults in China, multiple chronic conditions were associated with lower intrinsic capacity (β = -0.076). In a study of middle-aged and older Chinese adults, researchers evaluated how multiple chronic conditions relate to intrinsic capacity.
Top-quartile flavonoid intake lowered odds of stage 2 CKM syndrome to an odds ratio of 0.53 versus stage 0 among 10,754 US adults.Top-quartile flavonoid intake lowered odds of stage 2 CKM syndrome to an odds ratio of 0.53 versus stage 0 among 10,754 US adults. The study analyzed 10,754 US adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey across a median follow-up of 9.6 years.
Genetically predicted unrestricted eating reduced renal failure risk (odds ratio 0.1269), while avoiding sugar and wheat increased susceptibility.Genetically predicted unrestricted eating reduced renal failure risk (odds ratio 0.1269), while avoiding sugar and wheat increased susceptibility. In a human genetic study, researchers analyzed summary-level genome-wide association study data to assess whether dietary patterns causally…
In 198 adults aged 40 to 65, larger brainstem volume tied to better memory, with the strongest link seen in participants with elevated arterial…In 198 adults aged 40 to 65, larger brainstem volume tied to better memory, with the strongest link seen in participants with elevated arterial stiffness. In a study of 198 healthy adults aged 40 to 65 years, researchers tested whether brainstem volume relates to cognitive function and…
Greater venular width tracked higher odds of balance impairment (OR, 1.61), while greater arteriolar area tracked lower odds (OR, 0.82) over three…Greater venular width tracked higher odds of balance impairment (OR, 1.61), while greater arteriolar area tracked lower odds (OR, 0.82) over three years. In a study of 12,929 Canadian adults aged 45 to 85 years, researchers evaluated whether retinal microvascular traits were associated…
Depression progression raised cardiometabolic multimorbidity risk across cohorts, with hazard ratios of 1.474 in China, 1.325 in the USA, and 1.456 in…Depression progression raised cardiometabolic multimorbidity risk across cohorts, with hazard ratios of 1.474 in China, 1.325 in the USA, and 1.456 in Europe. In a prospective study of 51,416 middle-aged and older adults across China, the USA, and Europe, researchers evaluated how…
FEV₁ declined by 10 mL per year across the cohort, and dropped 18 mL annually in individuals with normal baseline spirometry.FEV₁ declined by 10 mL per year across the cohort, and dropped 18 mL annually in individuals with normal baseline spirometry. In a cohort of 902 adults in rural Uganda, researchers tracked respiratory health using up to three spirometry tests across four years.
Severe symptoms carried adjusted relative risks of presenteeism of 2.98 in women and 3.55 in men compared to those without symptoms.Severe symptoms carried adjusted relative risks of presenteeism of 2.98 in women and 3.55 in men compared to those without symptoms. In a survey of 3,063 corporate employees in Tokyo, researchers examined how midlife hormonal symptoms relate to reduced work productivity.
Across 13 traits tracked over four decades in wild Seychelles warblers, only five showed age-related declines, with no evidence of synchronized aging…Across 13 traits tracked over four decades in wild Seychelles warblers, only five showed age-related declines, with no evidence of synchronized aging among them. In a wild population of Seychelles warblers (Acrocephalus sechellensis), researchers tracked 13 reproductive, behavioral…
Early statin initiation was associated with a 15% lower 10-year relative risk of dementia compared to no statin treatment in people with type 2…Early statin initiation was associated with a 15% lower 10-year relative risk of dementia compared to no statin treatment in people with type 2 diabetes. Researchers analyzed nationwide Danish health registers tracking 132,585 statin-naïve adults who developed type 2 diabetes between 2006…
The hazard ratio for hypertension dropped from 3.60 in adults under 40 to 1.21 in those aged 80 and older over a 4.5-year follow-up.The hazard ratio for hypertension dropped from 3.60 in adults under 40 to 1.21 in those aged 80 and older over a 4.5-year follow-up. In a prospective cohort of 7,513,828 adults in northwestern China without baseline cardiovascular disease, researchers tracked six metabolic risk factors…
Deficiency (<25 nmol/l) was associated with incident intermediate AMD with a hazard ratio of 2.34 compared to sufficient levels (≥50 nmol/l).Deficiency (<25 nmol/l) was associated with incident intermediate AMD with a hazard ratio of 2.34 compared to sufficient levels (≥50 nmol/l). In 429 participants aged 65 and older from the ALIENOR study, researchers tracked 700 eyes over 18 years to examine deseasonalized plasma…
Impaired glucose tolerance carried a hazard ratio of 1.58 and diabetes 1.69 for first stroke compared with normal tolerance, while mortality showed no…Impaired glucose tolerance carried a hazard ratio of 1.58 and diabetes 1.69 for first stroke compared with normal tolerance, while mortality showed no link. In a prospective cohort of 2,057 low-income rural Chinese adults followed for a mean of 6.4 years, researchers examined how glucose…
In a study of 6,482 older adults, sport participants scored 0.638 on a healthy aging index compared with 0.577 for non-participants.In a study of 6,482 older adults, sport participants scored 0.638 on a healthy aging index compared with 0.577 for non-participants. Researchers analyzed data from 6,482 adults aged 60 years and above in China to evaluate how sport participation relates to a multidimensional healthy aging…
Underweight carried an odds ratio of 1.41 for incident chronic kidney disease compared with no obesity, whereas excess adiposity showed an odds ratio…Underweight carried an odds ratio of 1.41 for incident chronic kidney disease compared with no obesity, whereas excess adiposity showed an odds ratio of 1.03. In a nationwide cohort of 1,824,317 Korean adults aged 40 years and older with type 2 diabetes, researchers tracked kidney function…
Each 1 μg/m³ increase in ambient benzene was linked to hazard ratios of 1.19 for hypothyroidism and 1.21 for hyperthyroidism.Each 1 μg/m³ increase in ambient benzene was linked to hazard ratios of 1.19 for hypothyroidism and 1.21 for hyperthyroidism. In a study of 385,130 UK Biobank participants aged 40 to 69 years, researchers investigated whether long-term exposure to ambient benzene affects thyroid health and…
Journal of the International Neuropsychological SocietyHumans·
In a study of 108 deaf ASL-English bilinguals aged 21 to 88, older adults showed larger Stroop interference than younger adults, particularly in…In a study of 108 deaf ASL-English bilinguals aged 21 to 88, older adults showed larger Stroop interference than younger adults, particularly in English response times. In a study of 108 deaf American Sign Language (ASL) and English bilinguals aged 21 to 88, researchers examined cognitive…
In three cohorts, hobby engagement was linked to lower ADL disability risk, with hazard ratios of 0.77 in China, 0.73 in Europe, and 0.82 in Mexico.In three cohorts, hobby engagement was linked to lower ADL disability risk, with hazard ratios of 0.77 in China, 0.73 in Europe, and 0.82 in Mexico. Researchers analyzed longitudinal data from participants in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, the Survey of Health, Ageing…
Hobby engagement was associated with lower hypertension risk in Chinese (HR = 0.84) and American (HR = 0.86) cohorts aged 50 and older.Hobby engagement was associated with lower hypertension risk in Chinese (HR = 0.84) and American (HR = 0.86) cohorts aged 50 and older. In a study of 7,112 Chinese and 4,937 American adults aged 50 and older, researchers tracked whether hobby engagement relates to new-onset hypertension.
Each additional heatwave day was linked to a relative risk ratio of 1.035 for a low-declining intrinsic capacity trajectory, while cold spells showed…Each additional heatwave day was linked to a relative risk ratio of 1.035 for a low-declining intrinsic capacity trajectory, while cold spells showed no association. In a cohort of 1,393 Chinese adults aged 45 to 80 years, cumulative heatwave exposure was associated with an increased risk…
Over eight years, 52% of adults aged 65–74 and 26% aged 75–84 stayed robust, with health and financial security predicting the outcome.Over eight years, 52% of adults aged 65–74 and 26% aged 75–84 stayed robust, with health and financial security predicting the outcome. Researchers analyzed 7,865 adults aged 65 to 84 across 27 countries who were robust at baseline in the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe.
Persistent high depressive symptoms predicted faster non-cognitive frailty accumulation at 1.42 × 10-3/year and elevated odds of incident frailty…Persistent high depressive symptoms predicted faster non-cognitive frailty accumulation at 1.42 × 10-3/year and elevated odds of incident frailty across three aging cohorts. In four prospective aging cohorts totaling 57,894 older adults, researchers examined how dynamic depression…
In 4.6 million Korean adults, advanced CKM stages 3 and 4 were associated with adjusted hazard ratios for suicidal death of 1.328 and 1.319.In 4.6 million Korean adults, advanced CKM stages 3 and 4 were associated with adjusted hazard ratios for suicidal death of 1.328 and 1.319. In a nationwide study of 4,601,001 Korean adults, researchers evaluated how the Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic (CKM) syndrome framework relates to…
Their co-occurrence showed a 2.64-fold higher odds of persistently low cognition and 2.38-fold higher odds of rapid decline in 5,985 older adults.Their co-occurrence showed a 2.64-fold higher odds of persistently low cognition and 2.38-fold higher odds of rapid decline in 5,985 older adults. In a cohort of 5,985 Chinese adults aged 45 and older from 2011 to 2018, researchers tracked cognitive trajectories alongside sarcopenia and…
In a 35-year study of 27,958 adults, baseline mental health issues at ages 35–49 were linked to 0.52 higher Fried frailty scores after age 70.In a 35-year study of 27,958 adults, baseline mental health issues at ages 35–49 were linked to 0.52 higher Fried frailty scores after age 70. Researchers analyzed data from 27,958 human adults aged 35 to 60 in the Trøndelag Health Study to examine whether midlife mental health problems…
In 3,600 older Medicare beneficiaries with bladder cancer, baseline frailty and dementia were associated with more care transitions and facility…In 3,600 older Medicare beneficiaries with bladder cancer, baseline frailty and dementia were associated with more care transitions and facility admissions after surgery. In a study of 3,600 Medicare beneficiaries aged 66 and older who underwent radical cystectomy for bladder cancer in…
A 20-year longitudinal study finds earlier family bereavement is tied to higher cognitive impairment risk, with child loss remaining robust after…A 20-year longitudinal study finds earlier family bereavement is tied to higher cognitive impairment risk, with child loss remaining robust after health adjustments. Researchers analyzed 20 years of longitudinal data from 2000 to 2020 among participants in the US Health and Retirement…
Compared with low scores, high cardiovascular health was associated with lower all-cause mortality (men: aHR 0.43; women: aHR 0.34) and more…Compared with low scores, high cardiovascular health was associated with lower all-cause mortality (men: aHR 0.43; women: aHR 0.34) and more disease-free years at age 50. In 110,806 UK Biobank participants and 20,031 NHANES participants, researchers evaluated how cardiovascular health…
In a Swedish cohort, 5-ARI users had a 17% lower risk of laryngeal or hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma than nonusers (adjusted hazard ratio…In a Swedish cohort, 5-ARI users had a 17% lower risk of laryngeal or hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma than nonusers (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.83). In a cohort study of Swedish men, researchers investigated whether 5α-reductase inhibitors (5-ARIs) were associated with a lower risk of…
In prefrail and frail adults, top-quartile cardiorespiratory fitness was tied to lower odds of cognitive impairment (OR 0.15) versus the lowest…In prefrail and frail adults, top-quartile cardiorespiratory fitness was tied to lower odds of cognitive impairment (OR 0.15) versus the lowest quartile. Researchers analyzed data from 4,477 prefrail and frail older adults with a mean age of 72.2 years, of whom 72.5% were female.
Patients taking an ARNI had an adjusted hazard ratio of 0.6 for osteoporosis compared with those taking an ACE inhibitor.Patients taking an ARNI had an adjusted hazard ratio of 0.6 for osteoporosis compared with those taking an ACE inhibitor. In a real-world study of 12,808 heart failure patients, researchers investigated whether using an angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) influenced…
After missions over 90 days, astronauts had higher hip fracture rates resembling terrestrial peers 8 to 16.5 years older, with no difference at other…After missions over 90 days, astronauts had higher hip fracture rates resembling terrestrial peers 8 to 16.5 years older, with no difference at other skeletal sites. In a survey of astronauts conducted between 2018 and 2022, researchers assessed whether mission duration influenced…
In 6,531 adults, waist-to-height ratio mediated 44% and interleukin-6 mediated 13% of the association between ultraprocessed food intake and incident…In 6,531 adults, waist-to-height ratio mediated 44% and interleukin-6 mediated 13% of the association between ultraprocessed food intake and incident cardiovascular disease. In a prospective cohort of 6,531 men and women aged 45 to 84 years from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis…
Among older dialysis patients, living in highly disadvantaged neighborhoods was linked to adjusted hazard ratios of 1.09 for dementia and 1.25 for…Among older dialysis patients, living in highly disadvantaged neighborhoods was linked to adjusted hazard ratios of 1.09 for dementia and 1.25 for Alzheimer's disease. Older patients aged 55 and older who began dialysis between 2003 and 2021 were evaluated using United States Renal Data…
In older adults, having both type 2 diabetes and low muscle mass had a vertebral fracture prevalence ratio of 3.63 versus neither condition.In older adults, having both type 2 diabetes and low muscle mass had a vertebral fracture prevalence ratio of 3.63 versus neither condition. A cross-sectional study examined 1,642 community-dwelling adults aged 65 years or older in Changchun, China, to evaluate how type 2 diabetes and…
In older adults with arthritis, coexisting diabetes was associated with a 19.9% probability of functional recovery compared with 23.3% for arthritis…In older adults with arthritis, coexisting diabetes was associated with a 19.9% probability of functional recovery compared with 23.3% for arthritis alone. In adults aged 65 years or older from the Health and Retirement Study, researchers evaluated how coexisting diabetes relates to…
Compared with favorable profiles, poor dementia polygenic profiles were associated with a 1.43 hazard ratio for a composite of dementia, disability…Compared with favorable profiles, poor dementia polygenic profiles were associated with a 1.43 hazard ratio for a composite of dementia, disability, or death. In a prospective study of 14,333 U.S.
In an autopsy cohort of 2,592 older adults, higher education was linked to lower amyloid and tau pathology in female participants but not in males.In an autopsy cohort of 2,592 older adults, higher education was linked to lower amyloid and tau pathology in female participants but not in males. In an autopsy cohort of 2,592 older adults from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center, higher education was associated with lower…
In a preprint analyzing epigenome-wide data from thousands of U.S. veterans, posttraumatic stress disorder was significantly associated with…In a preprint analyzing epigenome-wide data from thousands of U.S. veterans, posttraumatic stress disorder was significantly associated with accelerated DNA methylation aging. In a preprint study of U.S.
Normal-weight adults with metabolic dysfunction showed a hazard ratio of 1.69 for incident subclinical carotid atherosclerosis compared with…Normal-weight adults with metabolic dysfunction showed a hazard ratio of 1.69 for incident subclinical carotid atherosclerosis compared with metabolically healthy normal-weight peers.
Higher intrinsic capacity lowered mortality risk (HR = 0.84 against 1.25 per 0.1 frailty increase) and remained predictive after adjusting for frailty…Higher intrinsic capacity lowered mortality risk (HR = 0.84 against 1.25 per 0.1 frailty increase) and remained predictive after adjusting for frailty index. In a prospective cohort of 7,168 Chinese adults aged 60 and older from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey…
In adults with asymptomatic carotid disease, hypertension was linked to lower Alzheimer's disease risk (HR = 0.56) and higher cognitive scores (β =…In adults with asymptomatic carotid disease, hypertension was linked to lower Alzheimer's disease risk (HR = 0.56) and higher cognitive scores (β = 0.47). In adults aged 50 and older, researchers analyzed how hypertension relates to dementia outcomes in those with and without asymptomatic…
In a longitudinal cohort, lifetime alcohol use disorder was associated with steeper cognitive decline, equivalent to 7.1 additional years of cognitive…In a longitudinal cohort, lifetime alcohol use disorder was associated with steeper cognitive decline, equivalent to 7.1 additional years of cognitive aging at age 60. In a study of 1,421 middle-aged and older adults followed for an average of 25.0 years in the Collaborative Study on the…
In a study of 1,619 adults, overall COPD prevalence reached 16.1% and lung restriction reached 21.3%, with odds for both rising with older age.In a study of 1,619 adults, overall COPD prevalence reached 16.1% and lung restriction reached 21.3%, with odds for both rising with older age. Adults aged 40 years and older in Burkina Faso and South Africa face substantial rates of impaired lung function, according to a new preprint.
Across 38 populations, total 2020–2025 excess deaths reached 0.92–2.49 million, offset by a 2024–2025 deficit of 0.39–1.08 million deaths.Across 38 populations, total 2020–2025 excess deaths reached 0.92–2.49 million, offset by a 2024–2025 deficit of 0.39–1.08 million deaths. In 38 human populations with reliable vital registration data, researchers evaluated excess mortality across 2020–2025 using granular age…
In a study of 741 adults, the age-related difference in extensor density was 41% smaller in Tsimane men than in Framingham Heart Study men.In a study of 741 adults, the age-related difference in extensor density was 41% smaller in Tsimane men than in Framingham Heart Study men. In a study of human aging, researchers analyzed computed tomography scans from 330 Bolivian Tsimane forager-horticulturalists and 411 participants…
