Exercise
Intervention7 papers24 findingsMeSH D015444
Human trials show that exercise improves physical function, reduces systemic inflammatory markers, decreases epicardial adipose volume, and slows epigenetic aging. A mouse study demonstrates protection against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity, whereas a study in flies reports sex- and time-dependent effects on lifespan.
- Human trial2
- Humans1
- Animals2
- Model organisms1
Outcomes
19Cellular senescence
downin mice1downin reviews1
2 studies
Cellular senescence
downin mice1downin reviews1
Exercise decreases cellular senescence in mice.
Animalsdoxorubicin treatmentheart
Exercise protects mouse hearts from chemotherapy toxicity by suppressing cellular senescence · Research Square · 29 Sep 2026 · Preprint
Exercise decreases cellular senescence.
Review
Integrated Multi-Omics Network by Physical Exercise Across Aging: Molecular Adaptation Beyond Single Signaling Pathways · Physiological genomics · 21 Sep 2026
Lifespan
downin flies1upin flies1−84% to +35%
1 study
Lifespan
downin flies1upin flies1−84% to +35%
Exercise shortens lifespan in flies (~67%).
Model organismsat ZT6 (siesta time)motor stimulationfemales
The circadian clock: an important factor modifying the effect of physical activity on the lifespan of Drosophila melanogaster · Acta neurobiologiae experimentalis · 14 Sep 2026
Exercise shortens lifespan in flies (~20%).
Model organismsat ZT6 (siesta time)motor stimulationmales
The circadian clock: an important factor modifying the effect of physical activity on the lifespan of Drosophila melanogaster · Acta neurobiologiae experimentalis · 14 Sep 2026
Exercise shortens lifespan in flies (~84%).
Model organismsat ZT1 (morning activity peak)motor stimulationfemales
The circadian clock: an important factor modifying the effect of physical activity on the lifespan of Drosophila melanogaster · Acta neurobiologiae experimentalis · 14 Sep 2026
Exercise extends lifespan in flies (~35%).
Model organismsat ZT1 (morning activity peak)motor stimulationmales
The circadian clock: an important factor modifying the effect of physical activity on the lifespan of Drosophila melanogaster · Acta neurobiologiae experimentalis · 14 Sep 2026
DNAmFitAge
downin humans1
1 study
DNAmFitAge
downin humans1
Exercise decreases DNAmFitAge in humans.
Human trialin breast cancer survivorsremotely deliveredwhole blood12 monthsfemalesn = 124
Exercise slows epigenetic aging in breast cancer survivors · Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 30 Sep 2026
GrimAge2
downin humans1
1 study
GrimAge2
downin humans1
Exercise decreases GrimAge2 in humans.
Human trialin breast cancer survivorsremotely deliveredwhole blood12 monthsfemalesn = 124
Exercise slows epigenetic aging in breast cancer survivors · Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 30 Sep 2026
Cardiotoxicity
downin mice1
1 study
Cardiotoxicity
downin mice1
Exercise protects against cardiotoxicity in mice.
Animalsdoxorubicin treatmentheart
Exercise protects mouse hearts from chemotherapy toxicity by suppressing cellular senescence · Research Square · 29 Sep 2026 · Preprint
Physical function
upin humans1
1 study
Physical function
upin humans1
Exercise improves physical function in humans.
“In a pilot intervention study, PBMC autophagy flux decreased following 12 weeks of mild exercise in parallel with improved physical function”
Human trialmild exercise12 weeks
Autophagy flux varies by sex and cell type during human aging · Aging cell · 28 Sep 2026
Autophagy flux
downin humans1
1 study
Autophagy flux
downin humans1
Exercise decreases autophagy flux in humans.
“In a pilot intervention study, PBMC autophagy flux decreased following 12 weeks of mild exercise in parallel with improved physical function”
Human trialmild exerciseperipheral blood mononuclear cell12 weeks
Autophagy flux varies by sex and cell type during human aging · Aging cell · 28 Sep 2026
NMJ integrity
downin reviews1
1 study
NMJ integrity
downin reviews1
Exercise protects against NMJ integrity.
Reviewwith agingneuromuscular junction
Exercise-driven neuromuscular junction plasticity: integrating motor-neuron adaptation, synaptic remodeling, and glial support · Neuroscience · 26 Sep 2026
Redox balance
upin humans1
1 study
Redox balance
upin humans1
Exercise improves redox balance in humans.
Human trialin a limited number of trials
Impact of supervised physical exercise on inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials · The Gerontologist · 24 Sep 2026
IL-10
upin humans1
1 study
IL-10
upin humans1
Exercise increases IL-10 in humans.
Human trial8 weeks to 12 months
Impact of supervised physical exercise on inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials · The Gerontologist · 24 Sep 2026
All 19Fewer
C-reactive protein
downin humans1
1 study
C-reactive protein
downin humans1
Exercise decreases C-reactive protein in humans.
Human trial8 weeks to 12 months
Impact of supervised physical exercise on inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials · The Gerontologist · 24 Sep 2026
Autophagy
upin reviews1
1 study
Autophagy
upin reviews1
Exercise improves autophagy.
Reviewin sarcopenic obesity
Autophagy in sarcopenic obesity: muscle-adipose crosstalk, metabolic regulation, and exercise-based interventions · Metabolism: clinical and experimental · 24 Sep 2026
Functional decline
downin humans1
1 study
Functional decline
downin humans1
Exercise prevents functional decline in humans.
Review
The exercise-gut-muscle axis in physical frailty: A narrative review · JAR life · 23 Sep 2026
Muscle function
upin humans1
1 study
Muscle function
upin humans1
Exercise improves muscle function in humans.
Reviewskeletal muscle
The exercise-gut-muscle axis in physical frailty: A narrative review · JAR life · 23 Sep 2026
Epigenetic alterations
downin reviews1
1 study
Epigenetic alterations
downin reviews1
Exercise decreases epigenetic alterations.
Review
Integrated Multi-Omics Network by Physical Exercise Across Aging: Molecular Adaptation Beyond Single Signaling Pathways · Physiological genomics · 21 Sep 2026
Loss of proteostasis
downin reviews1
1 study
Loss of proteostasis
downin reviews1
Exercise decreases loss of proteostasis.
Review
Integrated Multi-Omics Network by Physical Exercise Across Aging: Molecular Adaptation Beyond Single Signaling Pathways · Physiological genomics · 21 Sep 2026
CSF1
downin humans1
1 study
CSF1
downin humans1
Exercise decreases CSF1 in humans (-1.75 pg/mL, 95% CI -3.34 to -0.16).
Human trialversus health education controlstructured exerciseserumone supervised session plus at least two home-based sessions weekly12 months
Structured exercise reduces heart fat and an inflammatory marker in older adults · Frontiers in public health · 16 Sep 2026
Epicardial adipose volume
downin humans1
1 study
Epicardial adipose volume
downin humans1
Exercise decreases epicardial adipose volume in humans (-15.15 mL, 95% CI -22.61 to -7.69).
Human trialversus health education controlstructured exerciseepicardial adipose tissueone supervised session plus at least two home-based sessions weekly12 months
Structured exercise reduces heart fat and an inflammatory marker in older adults · Frontiers in public health · 16 Sep 2026
PPARGC1A
upin humans1
1 study
PPARGC1A
upin humans1
Exercise activates PPARGC1A in humans.
“Exercise opposes this cascade through the AMPK-PGC-1α axis, which coordinately activates four mitochondrial quality control (MQC) modules: biogenesis, antioxidant defense, dynamics, and mitophagy.”
Reviewvia AMPK-PGC-1α axisrepeated training
Mitochondrial Quality Control Links Exercise to Sterile Inflammation in the Cardiovascular System: A Narrative Review · Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 7 Sep 2026
Associations
1Altered intercellular communication
mixedin humans1
1 study
Altered intercellular communication
mixedin humans1
Exercise is associated with altered intercellular communication in humans.
Review
Muscle-brain crosstalk in sarcopenia and cognitive impairment: endocrine signaling, metabolic regulation, and exercise modulation · Frontiers in endocrinology · 16 Sep 2026
Latest
16Structured exercise reduces heart fat and an inflammatory marker in older adults
A 12-month randomized trial showed greater drops in epicardial adipose volume with more weekly sessions alongside lower circulating M-CSF levels.
Frontiers in public health · Xue X et al.
Circadian E3 ligase FBXL21 regulates daily muscle proteostasis by targeting DNAJB6
Loss of FBXL21 disrupts client protein degradation, worsening stress responses in muscle cells and mutant mice.
EMBO reports · Lim JY et al.
Mitohormesis linking metabolic dysfunction and neurodegeneration: implications for dementia and therapeutic strategies
Exercise protects mouse hearts from chemotherapy toxicity by suppressing cellular senescence
Physical activity preserved cardiac function and sustained FNDC5 and irisin signaling in mice exposed to doxorubicin.
Research Square · Jeyabal P et al.
Exercise slows epigenetic aging in breast cancer survivors
A randomized trial shows a 12-month workout program slowed DNA methylation clocks and linked with preserved cognitive health.
Journal of the National Cancer Institute · Carlin D et al.
The circadian clock: an important factor modifying the effect of physical activity on the lifespan of Drosophila melanogaster
Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome: Mechanisms, Biomarkers, and Emerging Therapies
Autophagy flux varies by sex and cell type during human aging
In older adults, higher autophagy flux in blood cells linked to lower physical function and decreased after a 12-week exercise intervention.
Aging cell · Moreno TM et al.