Very frail older patients had worse overall survival (HR=1.64) and event-free survival (HR=2.02) after CAR-T therapy than robust or prefrail peers.Very frail older patients had worse overall survival (HR=1.64) and event-free survival (HR=2.02) after CAR-T therapy than robust or prefrail peers. Researchers retrospectively evaluated 260 adults aged 65 and older who received commercial CAR-T therapy for multiple myeloma or B-cell…
In PET scans of 77 patients with isolated REM sleep behavior disorder, quantitative dopamine markers showed intermediate loss and predicted…In PET scans of 77 patients with isolated REM sleep behavior disorder, quantitative dopamine markers showed intermediate loss and predicted phenoconversion toward Parkinson's disease.
Whole-genome sequencing of eight coral colonies showed somatic mutations followed power-law distributions, faced purifying selection, and helped age a…Whole-genome sequencing of eight coral colonies showed somatic mutations followed power-law distributions, faced purifying selection, and helped age a colony to nearly a century.
Assays predicted amyloid-beta positivity with AUCs of 0.929 to 0.952, while simulated pTau217 screening cut amyloid PET scans by over 60%.Assays predicted amyloid-beta positivity with AUCs of 0.929 to 0.952, while simulated pTau217 screening cut amyloid PET scans by over 60%. In human participants evaluated across three study cohorts, researchers tested a method to translate plasma phosphorylated tau 217 (pTau217) results…
At 36 months before diagnosis, count-based models reached an AUROC of 0.738 compared with 0.719 for pretrained foundation models in All of Us records.At 36 months before diagnosis, count-based models reached an AUROC of 0.738 compared with 0.719 for pretrained foundation models in All of Us records. In longitudinal electronic health records from human participants in the All of Us research program, researchers evaluated patient…
High glycation index was associated with increased stroke risk at an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.392, which remained 1.333 after HbA1c adjustment.High glycation index was associated with increased stroke risk at an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.392, which remained 1.333 after HbA1c adjustment. In a prospective cohort of 10,643 stroke-free adults aged 45 years or older from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, researchers…
Increased retinal fractal dimension carried a mortality hazard ratio of 0.92 per standard deviation, whereas arteriolar widening carried a hazard…Increased retinal fractal dimension carried a mortality hazard ratio of 0.92 per standard deviation, whereas arteriolar widening carried a hazard ratio of 1.09. In a preprint analyzing 21,562 participants from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging, researchers quantified retinal…
In 54,933 healthcare system participants, profiling 250 NMR biomarkers enhanced standard risk prediction for type 2 diabetes, kidney disease, and…In 54,933 healthcare system participants, profiling 250 NMR biomarkers enhanced standard risk prediction for type 2 diabetes, kidney disease, and liver disease. In a preprint study of 54,933 participants from an integrated US healthcare system, researchers evaluated nuclear magnetic…
In models trained on 53,026 UK Biobank participants, 13 of 15 incident disease models maintained performance across FinnGen and All of Us cohorts.In models trained on 53,026 UK Biobank participants, 13 of 15 incident disease models maintained performance across FinnGen and All of Us cohorts. In a preprint analyzing human data across three major cohorts, researchers tested how well blood proteomic disease risk models transfer across…
Each 1-standard deviation higher CXCL10 was linked to 20% greater stroke risk over a median follow-up of 14 years.Each 1-standard deviation higher CXCL10 was linked to 20% greater stroke risk over a median follow-up of 14 years. In an observational study of 1,175 stroke-free older adults from the Northern Manhattan Study, researchers analyzed 60 plasma immune-related proteins to identify markers…
Greater venular width tracked higher odds of balance impairment (OR, 1.61), while greater arteriolar area tracked lower odds (OR, 0.82) over three…Greater venular width tracked higher odds of balance impairment (OR, 1.61), while greater arteriolar area tracked lower odds (OR, 0.82) over three years. In a study of 12,929 Canadian adults aged 45 to 85 years, researchers evaluated whether retinal microvascular traits were associated…
In a nested case-control study, each standard deviation increase in plasma NfL was tied to 1.7-fold higher ALS odds 5 to 14.6 years before diagnosis.In a nested case-control study, each standard deviation increase in plasma NfL was tied to 1.7-fold higher ALS odds 5 to 14.6 years before diagnosis. Researchers evaluated 166 people who later developed amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and 332 matched controls from the Danish EPIC…
Using Alzheimer Biomarker Consortium-Down Syndrome data, researchers found combining plasma pTau217 with a cued recall task identifies cognitively…Using Alzheimer Biomarker Consortium-Down Syndrome data, researchers found combining plasma pTau217 with a cued recall task identifies cognitively stable adults facing clinical impairment within seven years.
Older adults in the highest ratio quartile had a higher risk of incident cardiovascular disease than those in the lowest (HR = 2.111) over five years.Older adults in the highest ratio quartile had a higher risk of incident cardiovascular disease than those in the lowest (HR = 2.111) over five years. A prospective cohort study followed 1,875 community-dwelling adults aged 60 and older without baseline cardiovascular disease in…
The endoPRS-SS framework boosted computational efficiency up to 90-fold while using summary statistics and multiple endophenotypes to improve…The endoPRS-SS framework boosted computational efficiency up to 90-fold while using summary statistics and multiple endophenotypes to improve Alzheimer's disease risk prediction.
Highest versus lowest H-FABP tertiles had an MI hazard ratio of 2.23 in people with low omega-3s, but 1.11 in those with high levels.Highest versus lowest H-FABP tertiles had an MI hazard ratio of 2.23 in people with low omega-3s, but 1.11 in those with high levels. In 42,392 UK Biobank participants free of coronary heart disease and heart failure at baseline, researchers evaluated long-term cardiac risks associated…
In over 36,000 UK Biobank participants, the signature raised Harrell's C-index from 0.798 to 0.862, carrying a hazard ratio of 2.645 per standard…In over 36,000 UK Biobank participants, the signature raised Harrell's C-index from 0.798 to 0.862, carrying a hazard ratio of 2.645 per standard deviation increase. In a prospective study of 36,696 UK Biobank participants followed for a median of 15.73 years, researchers identified an…
Across 115,643 patients, predicted 30-day mortality ranged from 0.48% to 32.06% depending on age, frailty, and surgical fixation type.Across 115,643 patients, predicted 30-day mortality ranged from 0.48% to 32.06% depending on age, frailty, and surgical fixation type. In a retrospective study of 115,643 adults, researchers analyzed how age and frailty interact to influence 30-day mortality after hip fracture surgery.
False-negative blood results occurred in 5.6% of participants compared with false positives in 2.8%, with mismatches tied to kidney function, BMI, and…False-negative blood results occurred in 5.6% of participants compared with false positives in 2.8%, with mismatches tied to kidney function, BMI, and clinical stage. Among 706 human participants enrolled in memory and aging studies at Mayo Clinic (median age 70.0 years; 54% male)…
In 510 older adults, higher performance variability tracked lower anisotropy in specific tracts, with an effect size of 0.09 across 7.57% of…In 510 older adults, higher performance variability tracked lower anisotropy in specific tracts, with an effect size of 0.09 across 7.57% of whole-brain tract volume. Participants were 510 community-dwelling older adults from the Health and Aging Brain Study-Health Disparities cohort, with…
Combined occipito-parietal cortex pathology and striatal dopamine loss predicted conversion to dementia with Lewy bodies with a sub-distribution…Combined occipito-parietal cortex pathology and striatal dopamine loss predicted conversion to dementia with Lewy bodies with a sub-distribution hazard ratio of 38.68. In 21 patients with isolated REM sleep behaviour disorder, researchers evaluated whether multimodal brain imaging could…
Algorithm scores correlated strongly with expert assessments at r = 0.99, identifying moderate-to-severe aortic stenosis with 0.92 sensitivity and…Algorithm scores correlated strongly with expert assessments at r = 0.99, identifying moderate-to-severe aortic stenosis with 0.92 sensitivity and 0.98 specificity. In nongated chest CT scans from patients across 33 sites in the United States and Brazil, an automated deep learning…
Journal of the American College of SurgeonsHumans·
Adding automated CT biomarkers to an ICD-based frailty score raised one-year mortality prediction AUROC from 0.75 to 0.79 in 7,638 surgery patients.Adding automated CT biomarkers to an ICD-based frailty score raised one-year mortality prediction AUROC from 0.75 to 0.79 in 7,638 surgery patients. In a retrospective cohort of 7,672 patients undergoing non-emergent surgery at a tertiary academic center, researchers evaluated whether…
Proceedings of Machine Learning ResearchIn silico·
A reinforcement learning model alerted to Alzheimer's disease 20.9 months before diagnosis and autism 8.7 months before diagnosis, both at 90%…A reinforcement learning model alerted to Alzheimer's disease 20.9 months before diagnosis and autism 8.7 months before diagnosis, both at 90% specificity. In clinical electronic health record cohorts, researchers developed a model-free reinforcement learning framework to optimize the…
Across eight external cohorts, the score yielded C-indices of 0.67 to 0.86, outperforming recalibrated conventional comorbidity indices by absolute…Across eight external cohorts, the score yielded C-indices of 0.67 to 0.86, outperforming recalibrated conventional comorbidity indices by absolute gains of 0.12 to 0.21. In 770,439 adults from nine international longitudinal cohorts, researchers evaluated a large-language-model-based…
Compared with favorable profiles, poor dementia polygenic profiles were associated with a 1.43 hazard ratio for a composite of dementia, disability…Compared with favorable profiles, poor dementia polygenic profiles were associated with a 1.43 hazard ratio for a composite of dementia, disability, or death. In a prospective study of 14,333 U.S.
In an analysis of 30,521 individuals, no controls were observed among 54 participants with extreme polygenic risk scores across European and African…In an analysis of 30,521 individuals, no controls were observed among 54 participants with extreme polygenic risk scores across European and African ancestries. In a study of 11,200 Alzheimer's disease cases and 19,321 controls aged 65 and older, researchers evaluated whether extreme…
In 4,169 older adults tracked for 6 years, each standard-deviation increase in baseline TyG-waist circumference was linked to a 5.5% reduction in time…In 4,169 older adults tracked for 6 years, each standard-deviation increase in baseline TyG-waist circumference was linked to a 5.5% reduction in time to a cardiovascular event.
In 62 matched pairs, an expert 14-feature gaze panel classified mild cognitive impairment from cognitively normal aging with an area under the curve…In 62 matched pairs, an expert 14-feature gaze panel classified mild cognitive impairment from cognitively normal aging with an area under the curve of 0.898. In a propensity-matched cohort of 62 cognitively normal adults and 62 individuals with mild cognitive impairment, researchers…
In 101 people with mild cognitive impairment, the model predicted conversion with an AUC of 0.72 and mirrored rates of brain atrophy and cognitive…In 101 people with mild cognitive impairment, the model predicted conversion with an AUC of 0.72 and mirrored rates of brain atrophy and cognitive decline. In a study of 101 people with mild cognitive impairment from the OASIS-3 dataset, researchers tested whether an artificial…
In a study of 3,027 older adults in Lebanon, an adapted cognitive protocol showed good model fit and trajectories aligned with age and education.In a study of 3,027 older adults in Lebanon, an adapted cognitive protocol showed good model fit and trajectories aligned with age and education. In a preprint evaluating 3,027 socioeconomically and educationally diverse older adults in Lebanon, researchers implemented and assessed an…
Compared with a zero score, participants with cerebral small vessel disease scores of 1 and 2 had hazard ratios of 1.48 and 1.52 for adverse events.Compared with a zero score, participants with cerebral small vessel disease scores of 1 and 2 had hazard ratios of 1.48 and 1.52 for adverse events. In 3,263 Framingham Heart Study participants free of stroke and dementia, researchers assessed cerebral small vessel disease using brain MRI…
During five years of follow-up, 42.55% of older adults with high ratios progressed to mild cognitive impairment or dementia compared with 30.82% with…During five years of follow-up, 42.55% of older adults with high ratios progressed to mild cognitive impairment or dementia compared with 30.82% with normal ratios. In 1,190 older adults without dementia, elevated baseline neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio tracked accelerated cognitive loss…
In people with osteoporosis, higher undercarboxylated osteocalcin correlated with greater medial prefrontal cortex volume, which predicted one-year…In people with osteoporosis, higher undercarboxylated osteocalcin correlated with greater medial prefrontal cortex volume, which predicted one-year cognitive decline with an AUC of 0.84.
Higher intrinsic capacity lowered mortality risk (HR = 0.84 against 1.25 per 0.1 frailty increase) and remained predictive after adjusting for frailty…Higher intrinsic capacity lowered mortality risk (HR = 0.84 against 1.25 per 0.1 frailty increase) and remained predictive after adjusting for frailty index. In a prospective cohort of 7,168 Chinese adults aged 60 and older from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey…
Log2 ptau-217 concentrations were significantly higher in 63 people with tuberous sclerosis complex than in 116 cognitively unimpaired controls (p <…Log2 ptau-217 concentrations were significantly higher in 63 people with tuberous sclerosis complex than in 116 cognitively unimpaired controls (p < 0.0001). In a human cohort study, researchers measured plasma levels of phosphorylated tau-217 (ptau-217) across 63 patients with tuberous…
Across about 80,000 human participants, simple anatomical measurements performed as well as complex AI models while improved pretraining boosted…Across about 80,000 human participants, simple anatomical measurements performed as well as complex AI models while improved pretraining boosted biological age estimation. In a preprint analyzing structural brain MRI scans from approximately 80,000 human participants across 18 datasets…
In 13,026 post-menopausal cases and 108,265 controls, an estrogen-responsive polygenic score interacted with reproductive traits including age at…In 13,026 post-menopausal cases and 108,265 controls, an estrogen-responsive polygenic score interacted with reproductive traits including age at first birth (p=0.0052). In a preprint analyzing 13,026 post-menopausal breast cancer cases and 108,265 controls, researchers evaluated how…
In 563 older adults in Uganda, a brief tablet-based composite score discriminated objective cognitive impairment with a c-statistic of 0.77.In 563 older adults in Uganda, a brief tablet-based composite score discriminated objective cognitive impairment with a c-statistic of 0.77. In a cohort of 563 older adults in southwestern Uganda, researchers evaluated a translated and culturally adapted digital cognitive assessment tool.
Baseline protein profiles stratified 12-week physical gains from rehabilitation over control, spanning 10 to 85 meters on the six-minute walk test.Baseline protein profiles stratified 12-week physical gains from rehabilitation over control, spanning 10 to 85 meters on the six-minute walk test. In a preprint analyzing 243 hospitalized adults aged 60 and older with heart failure from the REHAB-HF trial, baseline blood proteins…
Compact models trained on synthetic UK Biobank cohorts predicted patient survival with concordance indices reaching 0.91 without exposing real…Compact models trained on synthetic UK Biobank cohorts predicted patient survival with concordance indices reaching 0.91 without exposing real clinical data. In health records from the UK Biobank, researchers developed a privacy-preserving computational framework to evaluate multimorbidity…
In a study of 9,828 participants, researchers identified 1,732 plasma protein associations across 25 cancers, with 49% statistically replicated in an…In a study of 9,828 participants, researchers identified 1,732 plasma protein associations across 25 cancers, with 49% statistically replicated in an independent cohort. In human baseline samples from 9,828 participants in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition…
Adding brain MRI to baseline traits predicted conversion from subjective decline to mild impairment with an AUC of 0.923 at five years.Adding brain MRI to baseline traits predicted conversion from subjective decline to mild impairment with an AUC of 0.923 at five years. In an observational study of 1,352 human participants with subjective cognitive decline, researchers evaluated machine learning models to forecast…
Across 1,752 models, correlations ranged from -0.49 to 1, with more than 95% of individuals placing in both the top and bottom risk deciles.Across 1,752 models, correlations ranged from -0.49 to 1, with more than 95% of individuals placing in both the top and bottom risk deciles. In a preprint analyzing genomic data from 11,200 clinical or autopsy-confirmed Alzheimer's disease cases and 19,321 controls aged 65 and older…
In 1,095 sarcomere variant carriers, an AI-ECG model detected cardiomyopathy with an AUROC of 0.91 and predicted future disease with a hazard ratio of…In 1,095 sarcomere variant carriers, an AI-ECG model detected cardiomyopathy with an AUROC of 0.91 and predicted future disease with a hazard ratio of 1.55. In a study of 1,095 people carrying sarcomere gene variants, researchers evaluated an artificial intelligence model applied to…
Tested in 180 participants, the StaBLE score correlated strongly with age (ρ = -0.76) and separated individuals at risk of falling from those who were…Tested in 180 participants, the StaBLE score correlated strongly with age (ρ = -0.76) and separated individuals at risk of falling from those who were not. In a preprint evaluating 180 human participants, researchers developed and validated the Stanford Balance Level Evaluation (StaBLE)…
Combining methylation variance with mean methylation levels improved predictions of all-cause mortality across two independent human cohorts.Combining methylation variance with mean methylation levels improved predictions of all-cause mortality across two independent human cohorts. In a preprint analyzing blood samples from 1,445 Canadians aged 45 to 85 in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging, researchers examined how DNA…
Separating white and gray matter brain age highlights early cardiometabolic risks and divergent links to amyloid and tau pathology.Separating white and gray matter brain age highlights early cardiometabolic risks and divergent links to amyloid and tau pathology. In a preprint analyzing 26,446 UK Biobank and 992 ADNI human participants, researchers developed a framework to evaluate gray and white matter brain age…
Researchers combined imaging, matrix profiling, and single-cell sequencing to show how ovarian fibrosis develops in women over time.Researchers combined imaging, matrix profiling, and single-cell sequencing to show how ovarian fibrosis develops in women over time. In a preprint study of human female participants, researchers used multimodal profiling to characterize ovarian fibrosis in situ.
Researchers linked poor auditory nerve synchrony and myelin degradation to amplified communication difficulties in older humans, beyond standard…Researchers linked poor auditory nerve synchrony and myelin degradation to amplified communication difficulties in older humans, beyond standard hearing thresholds. In a human study detailed in a preprint, researchers investigated how auditory nerve changes affect hearing in older adults.
In an older Scottish cohort, epigenetic age and brain volume outmatched plasma proteomic organ clocks for predicting long-term all-cause mortality.In an older Scottish cohort, epigenetic age and brain volume outmatched plasma proteomic organ clocks for predicting long-term all-cause mortality. Researchers evaluated 861 older human participants from the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 to benchmark plasma proteomic organ clocks against other…
Cell counts explain less variation in age acceleration and only modestly affect its links to mortality and 176 incident health outcomes.Cell counts explain less variation in age acceleration and only modestly affect its links to mortality and 176 incident health outcomes. In a human study analyzing 4,058 samples, researchers evaluated how blood cell composition influences DNA methylation age and age acceleration across six…
The new blood-based tools estimate senescence gene activity to predict incident diseases, all-cause mortality, and clinical treatment responses.The new blood-based tools estimate senescence gene activity to predict incident diseases, all-cause mortality, and clinical treatment responses. In a preprint analyzing 18,859 human participants from the Generation Scotland cohort, researchers evaluated Methylation-associated Gene…
