Impact of Exercise & Health Screening on Frailty and Cognition of Older Adults: 2023 National Survey

This study used data from the 2023 National Survey of Older Koreans to examine the effects of exercise participation and health screening on frailty and cognitive function among community-dwelling older Koreans. Multiple regression analysis showed that older adults who did not meet the recommended physical activity levels had significantly higher frailty scores and significantly lower cognitive function scores than those who did. In addition, older adults who had not undergone health screening within the past 2 years also showed significantly higher frailty scores and lower cognitive function than those who had undergone health screening. Subgroup analyses stratified by region, sex, and age revealed different patterns according to sociodemographic characteristics, and the effect of exercise participation on reducing frailty was found to be particularly pronounced with increasing age. These findings provide empirical evidence that regular exercise participation and regular health screening are key protective behaviors for preventing frailty and maintaining cognitive health among older Koreans. In conclusion, this study suggests the need for community-based, tailored health promotion programs targeting high-risk vulnerable groups, including residents of rural and fishing communities, older women, and old-old adults aged 75 years or older, to support healthy aging in a rapidly aging society.