Rattus norvegicus

1. Baicalein decreases dysbiosis in rats.

   “baicalein ameliorated the unloading-induced gut microbiota disorder through the diminished abundance of Proteobacteria and elevated abundance of Actinobacteria and Firmicutes”

   Animalsunloading-induced30 mg·kg -1 ·day -14 weeks

   Baicalein reduces disuse-driven skeletal senescence and alters gut microbes in rats · Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 20 Sep 2026

2. Baicalein decreases chronic inflammation in rats.

   “baicalein suppressed the inflammatory response caused by mechanical unloading”

   Animalsmechanical unloading30 mg·kg -1 ·day -14 weeks

   Baicalein reduces disuse-driven skeletal senescence and alters gut microbes in rats · Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 20 Sep 2026

3. Baicalein decreases cellular senescence in rats.

   “downregulating senescence-associated markers p16, p21, p53 in tibial tissue.”

   Animalshind limb unloadingtibia30 mg·kg -1 ·day -14 weeks

   Baicalein reduces disuse-driven skeletal senescence and alters gut microbes in rats · Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 20 Sep 2026

4. Baicalein improves biomechanical strength in rats (+31.64%).

   “improving biomechanical strength (ultimate load +31.64%)”

   Animalshind limb unloading30 mg·kg -1 ·day -14 weeks

   Baicalein reduces disuse-driven skeletal senescence and alters gut microbes in rats · Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 20 Sep 2026

5. Baicalein increases bone mineral density in rats (1.20-fold vs. model group).

   “increasing bone mineral density (1.20-fold vs. model group)”

   Animalshind limb unloading30 mg·kg -1 ·day -14 weeks

   Baicalein reduces disuse-driven skeletal senescence and alters gut microbes in rats · Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 20 Sep 2026

Baicalein →

1. Cinaciguat increases Ldlr in rats.

   Animalshepatocyte

   Activating soluble guanylate cyclase restores amyloid-beta and LDL clearance in aged rats · The Journal of biological chemistry · 26 Sep 2026

2. Cinaciguat increases Hbegf in rats.

   Animalsliver sinusoidal endothelial cell

   Activating soluble guanylate cyclase restores amyloid-beta and LDL clearance in aged rats · The Journal of biological chemistry · 26 Sep 2026

3. Cinaciguat decreases LDL in rats.

   Animalsblood

   Activating soluble guanylate cyclase restores amyloid-beta and LDL clearance in aged rats · The Journal of biological chemistry · 26 Sep 2026

4. Cinaciguat decreases amyloid-beta 40 in rats (halved).

   Animalsblood

   Activating soluble guanylate cyclase restores amyloid-beta and LDL clearance in aged rats · The Journal of biological chemistry · 26 Sep 2026

Cinaciguat →

1. Constant light exposure increases cellular senescence in rats.

   “Constant light exposure induces hepatic alterations that share multiple features with aging-associated phenotypes, including steatosis, cellular senescence, mitochondrial dysfunction, and circadian disruption.”

   Animals24 h/dayliver24 h/day3 monthsmalesn = 120

   Structural Entropy of Liver Histological Sections as an Integrative Index of Tissue Disorganization in Constant-Light-Induced Hepatic Remodeling with Aging-Associated Features · Biomedicines · 31 Aug 2026

2. Constant light exposure increases structural entropy in rats (21.4%).

   “Entropy increased by 21.4% and showed strong correlations with steatosis score (r = 0.93)”

   Animals24 h/dayliver24 h/day3 monthsmalesn = 120

   Structural Entropy of Liver Histological Sections as an Integrative Index of Tissue Disorganization in Constant-Light-Induced Hepatic Remodeling with Aging-Associated Features · Biomedicines · 31 Aug 2026

3. Constant light exposure increases Cdkn2a in rats (23.8-fold).

   “marked increases in p16 (23.8-fold), p21 (6.7-fold), p53 (+80.9%), steatosis, hyperglycemia, and mitochondrial dysfunction”

   Animals24 h/dayliver24 h/day3 monthsmalesn = 120

   Structural Entropy of Liver Histological Sections as an Integrative Index of Tissue Disorganization in Constant-Light-Induced Hepatic Remodeling with Aging-Associated Features · Biomedicines · 31 Aug 2026

4. Constant light exposure decreases melatonin in rats (>2-fold decrease).

   “Constant light exposure caused a >2-fold decrease in serum melatonin”

   Animals24 h/dayserum24 h/day3 monthsmalesn = 120

   Structural Entropy of Liver Histological Sections as an Integrative Index of Tissue Disorganization in Constant-Light-Induced Hepatic Remodeling with Aging-Associated Features · Biomedicines · 31 Aug 2026

Constant light exposure →

1. Shikonin inhibits p53–p21 pathway in rats.

   Animalsdoxorubicin-treated

   Shikonin attenuates doxorubicin-induced myocardial senescence and fibrosis in association with improved redox and mitochondrial homeostasis · Molecular biology reports · 28 Sep 2026

2. Shikonin decreases fibrosis in rats.

   Animalsdoxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicitymyocardiummales

   Shikonin attenuates doxorubicin-induced myocardial senescence and fibrosis in association with improved redox and mitochondrial homeostasis · Molecular biology reports · 28 Sep 2026

3. Shikonin decreases cellular senescence in rats.

   Animalsdoxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicitymyocardiummales

   Shikonin attenuates doxorubicin-induced myocardial senescence and fibrosis in association with improved redox and mitochondrial homeostasis · Molecular biology reports · 28 Sep 2026

Shikonin →

1. Metformin improves pain-related behavior in rats.

   Animalscompared with untreated OA200 mg/kg30 daysmales

   Dose-dependent histopathological and immunohistochemical effects of metformin in experimental osteoarthritis · Clinical rheumatology · 28 Sep 2026

2. Metformin decreases structural joint damage in rats.

   Animalsmonosodium iodoacetate-induced osteoarthritisjoint30 daysmales

   Dose-dependent histopathological and immunohistochemical effects of metformin in experimental osteoarthritis · Clinical rheumatology · 28 Sep 2026

3. Metformin decreases cartilage degeneration in rats.

   Animalsmonosodium iodoacetate-induced osteoarthritiscartilage30 daysmales

   Dose-dependent histopathological and immunohistochemical effects of metformin in experimental osteoarthritis · Clinical rheumatology · 28 Sep 2026

Metformin →

1. Nuciferine improves osteogenic differentiation in rat cells.

   “In vitro, nuciferine promoted osteogenic differentiation and TFEB nuclear translocation in BMSCs”

   Cellsbone marrow mesenchymal stem cell

   Nuciferine reduces ovariectomy-induced bone loss in rats by activating autophagy · Biomolecules · 21 Sep 2026

2. Nuciferine activates autophagy in rats.

   “it increased the microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3)-II/LC3-I ratio and decreased p62 expression, as determined through Western blotting, indicating the activation of autophagy.”

   Animalsovariectomybone12 weeksfemales

   Nuciferine reduces ovariectomy-induced bone loss in rats by activating autophagy · Biomolecules · 21 Sep 2026

3. Nuciferine protects against osteoporosis in rats.

   “Nuciferine significantly increased bone mineral density (BMD) and improved bone microarchitecture in OVX rats”

   Animalsovariectomybone12 weeksfemales

   Nuciferine reduces ovariectomy-induced bone loss in rats by activating autophagy · Biomolecules · 21 Sep 2026

Nuciferine →

1. Crebanine decreases chronic inflammation in rats.

   Animalssevoflurane exposurehippocampusmales

   Crebanine protects aged rats from anesthesia-induced cognitive deficits by restoring mitophagy · Research Square · 28 Sep 2026 · Preprint

2. Crebanine improves cognitive function in rats.

   Animalssevoflurane exposurehippocampusmales

   Crebanine protects aged rats from anesthesia-induced cognitive deficits by restoring mitophagy · Research Square · 28 Sep 2026 · Preprint

Crebanine →

1. Cognitive-motor dual task training decreases trimethylamine n-oxide in rats.

   Animalsin D-galactose-induced ARCD modelhippocampusmalesn = 6

   Dual cognitive and motor training improves cognitive function in aging rats · Molecular neurobiology · 28 Sep 2026

2. Cognitive-motor dual task training improves cognitive function in rats.

   Animalsin D-galactose-induced ARCD modelmalesn = 6

   Dual cognitive and motor training improves cognitive function in aging rats · Molecular neurobiology · 28 Sep 2026

Cognitive-motor dual task training →

1. Sodium arsenite activates p53–p21 pathway in rat cells.

   Cells

   Arsenic triggers heart senescence in mice while quercetin counteracts the damage · Toxicology and applied pharmacology · 26 Sep 2026

2. Sodium arsenite induces cellular senescence in rat cells.

   Cells6 μM24 h

   Arsenic triggers heart senescence in mice while quercetin counteracts the damage · Toxicology and applied pharmacology · 26 Sep 2026

Sodium arsenite →

1. Cognitive training decreases Txnip in rats.

   Animalsin D-galactose-induced ARCD modelhippocampusmalesn = 6

   Dual cognitive and motor training improves cognitive function in aging rats · Molecular neurobiology · 28 Sep 2026

Cognitive training →