Empagliflozin

1. Empagliflozin decreases endothelial dysfunction in humans.

   Human trialANOCA participants with CMVD10 mg daily90 days

   Empagliflozin Improves Angina and Endothelial Dysfunction Indices in Angina and No Obstructive Coronary Arteries (ANOCA) · Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 1 Oct 2026

1. Empagliflozin improves seattle Angina Questionnaire summary score in humans (14.0 (4.2-23.9) points).

   Human trialANOCA participants with CMVD10 mg daily90 daysn = 11

   Empagliflozin Improves Angina and Endothelial Dysfunction Indices in Angina and No Obstructive Coronary Arteries (ANOCA) · Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 1 Oct 2026

1. Empagliflozin decreases daily paracentesis volume in humans (mean difference -0.70 L/day, 95%CI: -1.17 to -0.23).

   Human trialtype 2 diabetes, decompensated cirrhosis, and refractory ascites10 mg once daily10 daysn = 21

   Empagliflozin Promotes Natriuresis in Diabetic Patients with Cirrhotic Refractory Ascites: A Proof-of-Concept Study · Journal of gastrointestinal and liver diseases : JGLD · 26 Sep 2026

1. Empagliflozin increases 24-hour urine volume in humans (+ 822 mL/24 h (95%CI: 403-1240)).

   Human trialtype 2 diabetes, decompensated cirrhosis, and refractory ascites10 mg once daily10 daysn = 21

   Empagliflozin Promotes Natriuresis in Diabetic Patients with Cirrhotic Refractory Ascites: A Proof-of-Concept Study · Journal of gastrointestinal and liver diseases : JGLD · 26 Sep 2026

1. Empagliflozin increases 24-hour urinary sodium excretion in humans (+92.1 mmol/24 h (95%CI: 47.1-137.2)).

   Human trialtype 2 diabetes, decompensated cirrhosis, and refractory ascites10 mg once daily10 daysn = 21

   Empagliflozin Promotes Natriuresis in Diabetic Patients with Cirrhotic Refractory Ascites: A Proof-of-Concept Study · Journal of gastrointestinal and liver diseases : JGLD · 26 Sep 2026

24-hour urinary sodium excretion →

1. Empagliflozin increases fractional excretion of sodium in humans (+0.44 percentage points (95%CI: 0.05-0.83; p=0.029)).

   Human trialtype 2 diabetes, decompensated cirrhosis, and refractory ascites10 mg once daily10 daysn = 21

   Empagliflozin Promotes Natriuresis in Diabetic Patients with Cirrhotic Refractory Ascites: A Proof-of-Concept Study · Journal of gastrointestinal and liver diseases : JGLD · 26 Sep 2026

Fractional excretion of sodium →

1. Empagliflozin has no effect on lipoprotein profiles in humans.

   “without altering lipoprotein profiles”

   Human trialtype 2 diabetes3 months

   Metabolic and Lipoprotein Changes in Type 2 Diabetes Patients Treated with Empagliflozin · Biomedicines · 8 Sep 2026

1. Empagliflozin increases hematocrit in humans (1.74 ± 2.08%).

   “hematocrit (mean difference = 1.74 ± 2.08%”

   Human trialtype 2 diabetes1 month

   Metabolic and Lipoprotein Changes in Type 2 Diabetes Patients Treated with Empagliflozin · Biomedicines · 8 Sep 2026

Hematocrit →

1. Empagliflozin increases serum magnesium in humans (0.26 ± 0.38 mg/dL).

   “Empagliflozin increased serum magnesium (mean difference = 0.26 ± 0.38 mg/dL”

   Human trialtype 2 diabetes1 month

   Metabolic and Lipoprotein Changes in Type 2 Diabetes Patients Treated with Empagliflozin · Biomedicines · 8 Sep 2026

Serum magnesium →

1. Empagliflozin decreases estimated glomerular filtration rate decline in humans.

   Reviewadults with CKD

   Empagliflozin: Reimbursement Recommendation · Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health, Ottawa (ON) · 1 Aug 2026

1. Empagliflozin lowers the risk of hospitalization for any cause in humans.

   Reviewadults with CKD

   Empagliflozin: Reimbursement Recommendation · Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health, Ottawa (ON) · 1 Aug 2026

1. Empagliflozin lowers the risk of progression of kidney disease or cardiovascular death in humans.

   Reviewadults with CKD

   Empagliflozin: Reimbursement Recommendation · Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health, Ottawa (ON) · 1 Aug 2026