Papers on cognitive trajectories

Who was studied185 non-demented people with subjective or mild cognitive impairment

What changedDementia risk rose with blood β-synuclein (hazard ratio 1.40 per standard-deviation increase), with little change after accounting for amyloid and tau

The catchThe dementia association did not survive adjustment for continuous pTau181 normalized to CSF Aβ40

Who was studied291 older adults, median 5.7 years, against adults with stenosis and high DTI-ALPS

What changedCognitive worsening was more likely with impaired versus preserved estimated fluid clearance in adults with narrowed brain arteries (hazard ratio 2.96)

The catchBrain atrophy can confound DTI-ALPS, the marker used to infer fluid clearance

Who was studied332 cognitively normal adults with diagnostic follow-up, mean 3.06 years

What changedMild cognitive impairment or dementia was more likely with blood-positive/PET-negative than double-negative tests (hazard ratio 4.44)

The catchUnmeasured inflammation and mixed pathology could contribute to the blood-positive, PET-negative biomarker pattern

Who was studied2,397 older adults, 10 years, against participants without hearing loss

What changedMemory declined faster with uncorrected hearing loss than without hearing loss at low healthcare access, but not high access

The catchMemory tests required listening, so poor hearing could be mistaken for memory decline

Who was studied51 people with mild cognitive impairment, 18-month

What changedThinking skills declined less with the lifestyle program than with control care among participants with elevated GFAP and other abnormal biomarkers

The catchThe subgroup was identified and evaluated for intervention benefit within the same cohort

Who was studied811 older adults without initial cognitive impairment, median 8.2 years

What changedOlder adults with slower cognitive decline had more midday movement

The catchCognitive decline preceded movement measurements, so lower activity could reflect decline rather than cause it

Who was studied13,357 adults aged 50 and older in China, 10-year

What changedThinking skills declined more slowly among adults with higher childhood socioeconomic status

The catchCognitive reserve was estimated indirectly from education, job complexity, and social engagement

Who was studiedOlder women treated for early breast cancer, 12 months

What changedFunctional and cognitive decline did not differ between older breast cancer patients and matched breast cancer-free controls

The catchFrail older patients were less likely to participate, biasing results toward fitter women

Who was studied1,896 cognitively unimpaired people, against people with the lowest amyloid levels

What changedPeople with mild amyloid were 43% more likely to develop thinking problems than those with the lowest levels

The catchOnly initially cognitively unimpaired people were studied, limiting applicability to people with existing impairment