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Tuesday, October 27

medRxiv

Advanced heart-kidney-metabolic syndrome tied to mental decline

An observational analysis of 28,242 older adults linked advanced stages to faster declines in attention, planning and language across international aging cohorts.An observational analysis of 28,242 older adults linked advanced stages to faster declines in attention, planning and language across international aging cohorts.

Brain cross-sections show dense white patches in a large dark blue-green brain and sparse patches in a smaller gray brain, beside a heart and kidneys.
Preprint: cohort · 28,242 peopleCardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome
Paper
Biomedicines

Four subtypes identified in metabolically unhealthy obesity

Among 43,577 UK Biobank participants with metabolically unhealthy obesity, an observational analysis identified four subtypes with different heart and kidney disease…Among 43,577 UK Biobank participants with metabolically unhealthy obesity, an observational analysis identified four subtypes with different heart and kidney disease associations.

Distribution of MUO Subtypes by Principal Component in the Training and Validation Sets.
Cohort · 43,577 peopleMetabolically unhealthy obesity
Paper
Microorganisms

Oral microbes linked to brain structure in adults

The genetic analysis found 87 associations linking 51 types of oral microbes to 79 brain scan measures in adults.The genetic analysis found 87 associations linking 51 types of oral microbes to 79 brain scan measures in adults.

Study design for cross-scale analysis of the oral microbiome and brain structure.
Mendelian randomizationAI & data
Paper
Clinical Kidney Journal

Kidney drug showed no clear short-term effect on minerals in urine

In a crossover trial, 15 adults with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease took empagliflozin or placebo for 14 days each.In a crossover trial, 15 adults with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease took empagliflozin or placebo for 14 days each.

Randomized trial · 15 peopleKidney
Paper
Obesity Pillars

Orforglipron linked to weight loss in a trial subgroup

Orforglipron at 17.2 mg daily was associated with 13.5% average weight loss over 72 weeks, versus 0.3% with placebo.Orforglipron at 17.2 mg daily was associated with 13.5% average weight loss over 72 weeks, versus 0.3% with placebo.

Randomized trial · 260 peopleOrforglipron
Paper
Healthcare

Exercise program linked to better physical function in older adults

At 10 weeks, adjusted physical performance scores averaged 9.62 in the program group versus 7.80 in the control group.At 10 weeks, adjusted physical performance scores averaged 9.62 in the program group versus 7.80 in the control group.

Flow of participants through the study (TREND diagram).
Non-randomized trial · 184 peopleInterventions
Paper
Metabolism Open

Combined fat and inflammation measures linked to death risk

Two observational cohorts linked higher combined blood measures to death risk among 9,943 and 9,409 middle-aged and older adults over average follow-ups of 80.3 and 100.2…Two observational cohorts linked higher combined blood measures to death risk among 9,943 and 9,409 middle-aged and older adults over average follow-ups of 80.3 and 100.2 months.

Flowchart of study participants.
Cohort · 9,943 peopleBiomarkers
Paper
Ophthalmology Science

Retinal measurements helped predict cancer in UK cohort

People classified as high risk from retinal measurements had nearly threefold higher cancer risk over 12 years than those classified as low risk.People classified as high risk from retinal measurements had nearly threefold higher cancer risk over 12 years than those classified as low risk.

Cohort · 41,424 peopleCancer
Paper
Brain Sciences

White matter aging has three distinct patterns in people

An observational analysis of 17,310 UK Biobank participants without overt clinical disease identified three coexisting patterns rather than one uniform pattern of white…An observational analysis of 17,310 UK Biobank participants without overt clinical disease identified three coexisting patterns rather than one uniform pattern of white matter aging.

Two-stage stratification and data partitioning strategy.
Cross-sectional · 17,310 peoplePopulations
Paper
Radiology

Lower bone density on lung scans linked to spine fractures

Over two years, spine fractures occurred in 0.9% of participants with normal bone mass, 2.0% with low bone mass and 5.9% with osteoporosis.Over two years, spine fractures occurred in 0.9% of participants with normal bone mass, 2.0% with low bone mass and 5.9% with osteoporosis.

Cohort · 18,211 peopleVertebral fracture
Paper
Pharmaceuticals

Plant extract yielded a small cognitive-test gain in adults

Over 12 weeks, cognitive screening scores rose 0.72 points with Gastrodia elata extract versus 0.13 points with placebo.Over 12 weeks, cognitive screening scores rose 0.72 points with Gastrodia elata extract versus 0.13 points with placebo.

Flow of the study using CONSORT diagram.
Randomized trial · 76 peopleInterventions
Paper
JDR Clinical and Translational Research

Oral frailty rates differed across communities in Japan

Among 42,987 adults in Japan aged 65 or older followed from 2019 to 2022, the share developing oral frailty ranged from 17.1% to 33.3% across municipalities.Among 42,987 adults in Japan aged 65 or older followed from 2019 to 2022, the share developing oral frailty ranged from 17.1% to 33.3% across municipalities.

A large dental arch with missing teeth sits below a smaller arch with a fuller tooth row, each beside a separate group of upright, faceless people.
Cohort · 42,987 peoplePopulations
Paper