Adiposity

1. Adiposity is linked with 25(OH)D in humans (mediating the relationship between moderate and vigorous physical activity and 25(OH)D) (β = 0.01, P = .09).

   “A marginal and partial effect of %fat as a mediator of the relationship between MVPA and 25(OH)D was noted (β = 0.01, P = .09).”

   Humansmediating the relationship between moderate and vigorous physical activity and 25(OH)Dn = 574

   Association between physical activity and vitamin D is partially mediated by adiposity in older adults: EpiFloripa Aging Cohort Study

   Nutrition research (New York, N.Y.)·Mar 14, 2022

2. Adiposity is linked with lower 25(OH)D in humans (direct effect across all structural equation models).

   “Additionally, a direct negative effect of %fat on 25(OH)D was observed in all models.”

   Humansdirect effect across all structural equation modelsn = 574

   Association between physical activity and vitamin D is partially mediated by adiposity in older adults: EpiFloripa Aging Cohort Study

   Nutrition research (New York, N.Y.)·Mar 14, 2022

More on 25(OH)D

1. Adiposity is linked with higher type II fiber area in humans (individuals with obesity compared with normal weight) (significant increase).

   “Obesity was further associated with a significant increase in type II fast-fibre area (P = 0.026)”

   Humansindividuals with obesity compared with normal weightskeletal musclemalesn = 40

   Adiposity is associated with widespread transcriptional changes and downregulation of longevity pathways in aged skeletal muscle

   Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle·May 18, 2023

1. Adiposity is linked with lower AMPK signaling in humans (individuals with obesity compared with normal weight) (P = 4.5 × 10−3).

   “downregulated genes enriched in longevity (P = 1.5 × 10−3 ) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) (P = 4.5 × 10−3 ) signalling pathways”

   Humansindividuals with obesity compared with normal weightskeletal musclemalesn = 40

   Adiposity is associated with widespread transcriptional changes and downregulation of longevity pathways in aged skeletal muscle

   Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle·May 18, 2023

More on AMPK signaling

1. Adiposity is linked with lower longevity pathways in humans (individuals with obesity compared with normal weight) (P = 1.5 × 10−3).

   “downregulated genes enriched in longevity (P = 1.5 × 10−3 ) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) (P = 4.5 × 10−3 ) signalling pathways”

   Humansindividuals with obesity compared with normal weightskeletal musclemalesn = 40

   Adiposity is associated with widespread transcriptional changes and downregulation of longevity pathways in aged skeletal muscle

   Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle·May 18, 2023

1. Adiposity is linked with higher immune response in humans (individuals with obesity compared with normal weight) (P = 3.18 × 10−41).

   “Upregulated genes were enriched in immune response (P = 3.18 × 10−41 )”

   Humansindividuals with obesity compared with normal weightskeletal musclemalesn = 40

   Adiposity is associated with widespread transcriptional changes and downregulation of longevity pathways in aged skeletal muscle

   Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle·May 18, 2023

More on Immune response

1. Adiposity was not clearly linked with movement-behavior composition in humans (baseline adiposity versus 7-year change in movement behavior) (p > 0.05).

   “No significant associations were found between baseline adiposity and longitudinal changes in the movement-behavior composition (p > 0.05).”

   Humansbaseline adiposity versus 7-year change in movement behavior7 yearsfemalesn = 176

   A study on prospective associations between adiposity and 7-year changes in movement behaviors among older women based on compositional data analysis

   BMC geriatrics·Mar 23, 2021

1. Adiposity is linked with lower grip strength in humans.

   “HA-NBMI had lower values for bone geometry parameters, as well as grip strength, than both NA-NBMI and HA-HBMI (all P < 0.05)”

   Humanshigh adiposity with normal BMI compared with normal adiposity with normal BMI and with high adiposity with high BMIn = 3,411

   Adiposity Without Obesity: Associations with Osteoporosis, Sarcopenia, and Falls in the Healthy Ageing Initiative Cohort Study

   Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)·Oct 3, 2020

1. Adiposity is linked with lower bone geometry parameters in humans.

   “HA-NBMI had lower values for bone geometry parameters, as well as grip strength, than both NA-NBMI and HA-HBMI (all P < 0.05)”

   Humanshigh adiposity with normal BMI compared with normal adiposity with normal BMI and with high adiposity with high BMIbonen = 3,411

   Adiposity Without Obesity: Associations with Osteoporosis, Sarcopenia, and Falls in the Healthy Ageing Initiative Cohort Study

   Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)·Oct 3, 2020

More on Bone geometry parameters

1. Adiposity was not clearly linked with falls in humans (high adiposity with normal BMI compared with high adiposity with high BMI).

   “but similar likelihood of falls (P > 0.05)”

   Humanshigh adiposity with normal BMI compared with high adiposity with high BMI12 monthsn = 3,411

   Adiposity Without Obesity: Associations with Osteoporosis, Sarcopenia, and Falls in the Healthy Ageing Initiative Cohort Study

   Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)·Oct 3, 2020

1. Adiposity is linked with higher IL-6 in humans (high-risk group defined by waist-to-hip ratio and total fat mass).

   “Levels of IL-6 and MIP1-α were elevated in the high-risk group defined by WHR and total fat mass.”

   Humanshigh-risk group defined by waist-to-hip ratio and total fat massfemales

   Cardiorespiratory Fitness Does Not Offset Adiposity-Related Systemic Inflammation in Physically Active Older Women

   The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism·May 7, 2019

More on IL-6

1. Adiposity is linked with a higher risk of coronary artery disease in humans with metabolic dysfunction (odds ratio 1.90, 95% CI 1.42-2.55).

   “whereas adiposity with metabolic dysfunction (1.90, 1.42-2.55) and leanness with metabolic dysfunction (1.86, 1.52-2.27) conferred indistinguishable risk”

   Humanswith metabolic dysfunctionn = 60,801

   Divergent genetic mediator signatures of adiposity-related metabolic liabilities and coronary artery disease

   medRxiv·Sep 8, 2026Preprint

2. Adiposity is linked with a lower risk of coronary artery disease in humans with preserved metabolic function (odds ratio 0.28, 95% CI 0.19-0.42).

   “Adiposity with preserved metabolic function was protective (odds ratio 0.28, 95% CI 0.19-0.42)”

   Humanswith preserved metabolic functionn = 60,801

   Divergent genetic mediator signatures of adiposity-related metabolic liabilities and coronary artery disease

   medRxiv·Sep 8, 2026Preprint

More on Coronary artery disease

1. Adiposity is associated with cerebral blood flow in humans (age- and sex-adjusted models).

   “increased regional and ectopic adiposity was associated with lower CBF”

   Humansage- and sex-adjusted modelsbrainn = 23

   Increased Regional and Ectopic Adiposity Is Associated with Low Cerebral Blood Flow among Older Adults

   ADA Scientific Sessions 2026 abstract·Jun 5, 2026

More on Cerebral blood flow

1. Adiposity is associated with lordosis in humans.

   “Adiposity demonstrates opposing associations, with decreased kyphosis and increased lordosis.”

   Humansn = 41,212

   Characterizing aging-related genetic and physiological determinants of spinal curvature

   Communications medicine·Jul 12, 2025

More on Lordosis

1. Adiposity is associated with kyphosis in humans.

   “Adiposity demonstrates opposing associations, with decreased kyphosis and increased lordosis.”

   Humansn = 41,212

   Characterizing aging-related genetic and physiological determinants of spinal curvature

   Communications medicine·Jul 12, 2025

More on Kyphosis

1. Adiposity is associated with cardiorespiratory fitness in humans.

   “Increasing BMI, body fat percentage, or waist circumference were each associated with decreased CRF over time.”

   Humansmedian of 7.1 yrn = 6,105

   Longitudinal Associations of Aerobic Activity, Muscle-Strengthening Activity, and Adiposity with Cardiorespiratory Fitness

   Medicine and science in sports and exercise·Oct 1, 2024

More on Cardiorespiratory fitness

1. Adiposity is associated with spinal curvature in humans (kyphosis decreased, lordosis increased).

   “Adiposity had opposing associations, with decreased kyphosis and increased lordosis.”

   Humanskyphosis decreased, lordosis increased

   Aging of the Spine: Characterizing genetic and physiological determinants of spinal curvature

   medRxiv·Feb 28, 2024Preprint

1. Adiposity is associated with areal bone mineral density in humans (normal weight).

   “Interactions indicated a positive relationship between adiposity and aBMD in men classified as normal weight, but an inverse relationship in men with elevated BMI.”

   Humansnormal weightmales

   Cross-sectional associations between adipose tissue depots and areal bone mineral density in the UK Biobank imaging study

   Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA·Sep 6, 2021

More on Areal bone mineral density

1. Adiposity is associated with epigenetic clock in humans.

   “demonstrating positive relationships between adiposity measures and the ticking rate of epigenetic clocks in blood”

   Reviewbloodfemales

   Invited Commentary: Epigenetic Clocks and Obesity-Towards the Next Frontier Using Integrative Approaches and Early-Life Models

   American journal of epidemiology·Mar 12, 2021

More on Epigenetic clock

1. Adiposity is associated with epigenetic age in humans (BMI ≥35.0 vs 18.5–24.9: β = 3.15 years, 95% CI 2.41–3.90).

   “all adiposity measures were associated with epigenetic age acceleration. The strongest association was for BMI and PhenoAge”

   Humansfemalesn = 2,758

   Associations of Body Composition and Physical Activity Level With Multiple Measures of Epigenetic Age Acceleration

   American journal of epidemiology·Mar 12, 2021

More on Epigenetic age

1. Adiposity is associated with muscle function in humans.

   “Increased adiposity irrespective of muscle mass is relevant to reduced muscle function among elders.”

   Humans

   Impact of adiposity on muscle function and clinical events among elders with dynapenia, presarcopenia and sarcopenia: a community-based cross-sectional study

   Aging·Feb 26, 2021