Gestational diabetes mellitus

1. Early-pregnancy eBFP change rate has no effect on gestational diabetes mellitus in humans (OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.22-1.20).

   Humansamong women with FLI_Ln <2.90females

   Early-pregnancy BMI-derived adiposity change rate and gestational diabetes mellitus risk: modification by a fatty liver index-defined hepatic-metabolic phenotype · Frontiers in endocrinology · 15 Sep 2026

Early-pregnancy eBFP change rate →

1. HbA1c predicts gestational diabetes mellitus in humans (AUC 0.65, 95% CI 0.63-0.67).

   Humansblood

   Early Pregnancy Glycosylated Hemoglobin in Relation to Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: Evidence from a Multisite Low- and Middle-Income Countries Cohort · medRxiv · 29 Sep 2026 · Preprint

2. HbA1c raises the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus in humans (RR 1.12, 95% CI 1.10-1.15).

   Humanseach 0.1% increase

   Early Pregnancy Glycosylated Hemoglobin in Relation to Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: Evidence from a Multisite Low- and Middle-Income Countries Cohort · medRxiv · 29 Sep 2026 · Preprint

HbA1c →

1. GLM7 predicts gestational diabetes mellitus in humans (AUC 0.839 (95% CI 0.767-0.912)).

   Humansdiscrimination of incident GDM in early gestationfemalesn = 582

   Association of the GLM7 composite metabolic index with gestational diabetes mellitus in early pregnancy: a secondary analysis of a Korean prospective pregnancy cohort · Frontiers in nutrition · 15 Sep 2026

2. GLM7 raises the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus in humans (OR 14.27, 95% CI 5.01-40.67).

   Humansin early pregnancyfemalesn = 582

   Association of the GLM7 composite metabolic index with gestational diabetes mellitus in early pregnancy: a secondary analysis of a Korean prospective pregnancy cohort · Frontiers in nutrition · 15 Sep 2026

GLM7 →

1. Gestational diabetes mellitus is associated with uric acid in humans (5.4 ± 0.9 mg/dL vs. 3.8 ± 0.8 mg/dL).

   “Women who developed GDM had significantly higher first-trimester SUA levels (5.4 ± 0.9 mg/dL vs. 3.8 ± 0.8 mg/dL; p”

   Humanspregnancyfemalesn = 212

   Serum Uric Acid Levels in the First Trimester of Pregnancy and the Development of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Prospective Cohort Study · Cureus · 25 Aug 2026

2. Uric acid predicts gestational diabetes mellitus in humans (OR 12.0, 95% CI 4.8-30.0).

   “4 mg/dL was 12.0 (95% CI: 4.8-30.0; p”

   Humanspregnancyfollowed until 24-28 weeks of gestationfemalesn = 212

   Serum Uric Acid Levels in the First Trimester of Pregnancy and the Development of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Prospective Cohort Study · Cureus · 25 Aug 2026

Uric acid →

1. Miscarriage propensity raises the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus in humans (OR 1.51; 95% CI 1.02–2.22).

   “and with subsequent GDM (OR 1.51; 95% CI 1.02–2.22)”

   Humansper 0.1-unit increasefemalesn = 42,313

   Miscarriage propensity links to higher type 2 diabetes risk · Scientific reports · 3 Oct 2026

1. Arsenic is associated with gestational diabetes mellitus in humans.

   Humansearly pregnancyurinefemalesn = 1,201

   Metals and metalloids signatures in early pregnancy suggest cadmium and arsenic as major mixture components associated with gestational diabetes mellitus risk · Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) · 25 Sep 2026

Arsenic →

1. Cadmium is associated with gestational diabetes mellitus in humans.

   Humansearly pregnancyurinefemalesn = 1,201

   Metals and metalloids signatures in early pregnancy suggest cadmium and arsenic as major mixture components associated with gestational diabetes mellitus risk · Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) · 25 Sep 2026

Cadmium →

1. IGF1 lowers the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus in humans (OR 0.856, 95% CI 0.748-0.980; p = 0.024).

   “IGF-1 (OR 0.856, 95% CI 0.748-0.980; p = 0.024) showed inverse associations”

   Humansplasma-serum11+0-13+6 weeks

   Integrated First-Trimester Assessment of Placental Biomarkers, Metabolic Indices, and IGF-1/IGFBP-5 in Relation to Subsequent Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Prospective Cohort Study · Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 19 Sep 2026

IGF1 →

1. Free β-hCG MoM lowers the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus in humans (OR 0.325, 95% CI 0.115-0.920; p = 0.034).

   “free β-hCG MoM (OR 0.325, 95% CI 0.115-0.920; p = 0.034) and IGF-1 (OR 0.856, 95% CI 0.748-0.980; p = 0.024) showed inverse associations”

   Humansplasma-serum11+0-13+6 weeks

   Integrated First-Trimester Assessment of Placental Biomarkers, Metabolic Indices, and IGF-1/IGFBP-5 in Relation to Subsequent Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Prospective Cohort Study · Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 19 Sep 2026

Free β-hCG MoM →

1. Triglyceride-glucose index raises the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus in humans (OR 3.747, 95% CI 1.010-13.894; p = 0.048).

   “TyG (OR 3.747, 95% CI 1.010-13.894; p = 0.048) were associated with increased GDM odds”

   Humansplasma-serum11+0-13+6 weeks

   Integrated First-Trimester Assessment of Placental Biomarkers, Metabolic Indices, and IGF-1/IGFBP-5 in Relation to Subsequent Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Prospective Cohort Study · Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 19 Sep 2026

Triglyceride-glucose index →

1. Gestational diabetes mellitus raises the risk of type 2 diabetes in humans.

   Review

   Strengthening gestational diabetes mellitus prevention, diagnosis, and care in Africa: evidence and policy priorities from a systematic review, meta-analysis, and bibliometric analysis · Frontiers in public health · 18 Sep 2026

Type 2 diabetes →