Myofibrillar protein synthesis rate

1. Moderate-protein diet decreases myofibrillar protein synthesis rate in humans during resistance training (P = 0.023).

   “MyoPS in the HIGH condition remained constant (P = 1.000), but MOD decreased over time (P = 0.023).”

   Human trialduring resistance trainingskeletal muscle1.06 ± 0.22 g kg−1 day−13 weeksn = 20

   Early resistance training-mediated stimulation of daily muscle protein synthetic responses to higher habitual protein intake in middle-aged adults

   The Journal of physiology·Jul 29, 2021

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1. Arachis hypogaea protein powder showed no clear effect on myofibrillar protein synthesis rate in humans following the first resistance training bout.

   “Integrated MyoPS rates over a 24-h period were not significantly different (p < 0.05) between supplement groups following the first training bout.”

   Human trialfollowing the first resistance training boutvastus lateralis75 g powder once per dayn = 39

   The effects of resistance training with or without peanut protein supplementation on skeletal muscle and strength adaptations in older individuals

   Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition·Dec 14, 2020

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1. Vitamin D + conjugated linoleic acid showed no clear effect on myofibrillar protein synthesis rate in humans (basal, postabsorptive conditions) (Vit D + CLA: 0.040 ± 0.007%/h vs placebo: 0.040 ± 0.004%/h).

   “neither Vit D nor CLA nor combined Vit D + CLA supplementation affected the basal myofibrillar protein synthesis rates”

   Human trialbasal, postabsorptive conditionsskeletal muscle2000 IU/d vitamin D + 4000 mg/d CLA8 wk

   No independent or combined effects of vitamin D and conjugated linoleic acids on muscle protein synthesis in older adults: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial

   The American journal of clinical nutrition·Aug 30, 2020

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1. Conjugated linoleic acid showed no clear effect on myofibrillar protein synthesis rate in humans (basal, postabsorptive conditions) (CLA: 0.039 ± 0.006%/h vs placebo: 0.040 ± 0.004%/h).

   “neither Vit D nor CLA nor combined Vit D + CLA supplementation affected the basal myofibrillar protein synthesis rates”

   Human trialbasal, postabsorptive conditionsskeletal muscle4000 mg/d8 wk

   No independent or combined effects of vitamin D and conjugated linoleic acids on muscle protein synthesis in older adults: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial

   The American journal of clinical nutrition·Aug 30, 2020

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1. Vitamin D showed no clear effect on myofibrillar protein synthesis rate in humans (basal, postabsorptive conditions) (Vit D: 0.044 ± 0.006%/h vs placebo: 0.040 ± 0.004%/h).

   “neither Vit D nor CLA nor combined Vit D + CLA supplementation affected the basal myofibrillar protein synthesis rates”

   Human trialbasal, postabsorptive conditionsskeletal muscle2000 IU/d8 wk

   No independent or combined effects of vitamin D and conjugated linoleic acids on muscle protein synthesis in older adults: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial

   The American journal of clinical nutrition·Aug 30, 2020

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1. Leucine-enriched milk protein increases myofibrillar protein synthesis rate in humans (acute response to feeding, compared with isonitrogenous mixed-protein beverage) (rested: 53% ± 5% vs 13% ± 4%; exercised: 87% ± 7% vs 30% ± 4%).

   “Acute myoPS increased in response to feeding in the rested (CON: 13% ± 4%; LEU: 53% ± 5%) and exercised (CON: 30% ± 4%; LEU: 87% ± 7%) leg in both groups, but the increase was greater in LEU (P < 0.001)”

   Human trialacute response to feeding, compared with isonitrogenous mixed-protein beverageskeletal muscle15 g protein, 4.2 g leucine, twice dailyfemales

   Protein leucine content is a determinant of shorter- and longer-term muscle protein synthetic responses at rest and following resistance exercise in healthy older women: a randomized, controlled trial

   The American journal of clinical nutrition·Feb 1, 2018

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1. Casein increases myofibrillar protein synthesis rate in humans (ingested before sleep) (0.044% ± 0.003%/h vs 0.033% ± 0.002%/h placebo).

   “were higher in PRO40 than in placebo (P = 0.02)”

   Human trialingested before sleepskeletal muscle40 governight sleepmales

   Protein Ingestion before Sleep Increases Overnight Muscle Protein Synthesis Rates in Healthy Older Men: A Randomized Controlled Trial

   The Journal of nutrition·Aug 30, 2017

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1. Leucine increases myofibrillar protein synthesis rate in humans (rested condition, in older men consuming lower- or higher-protein diets) (1.57% ± 0.11%/d vs 1.48% ± 0.08%/d).

   “MyoPS was similar in LP and HP during both treatments (P = 0.39) but was higher with Leu treatment than with placebo treatment in the rested”

   Human trialrested condition, in older men consuming lower- or higher-protein dietsskeletal muscle5 g leucine/meal3 daysmalesn = 20

   Leucine supplementation enhances integrative myofibrillar protein synthesis in free-living older men consuming lower- and higher-protein diets: a parallel-group crossover study

   The American journal of clinical nutrition·Nov 9, 2016

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1. CAT showed no clear effect on myofibrillar protein synthesis rate in mice (mitochondrial-targeted catalase (MCAT) vs. wild-type) (2.62 ± 0.22 vs. 2.75 ± 0.15%/day, P > 0.05).

   “Additionally, MCAT mice displayed no differences in myofibrillar (2.62 ± 0.22 vs. 2.75 ± 0.15%/day) and sarcoplasmic (3.68 ± 0.35 vs. 3.54 ± 0.35%/day) protein synthesis rates when compared with wild-type mice”

   Animalsmitochondrial-targeted catalase (MCAT) vs. wild-typeskeletal muscle

   Mitochondrial bioenergetics are not associated with myofibrillar protein synthesis rates

   Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle·Jul 15, 2024

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1. Oxidative phosphorylation is associated with myofibrillar protein synthesis rate in humans during exercise training (r = 0.72, P < 0.05).

   “In older men, only submaximal mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (corrected for mitochondrial content) was positively associated with myofibrillar protein synthesis rates during exercise training (r = 0.72, P < 0.05).”

   Human trialduring exercise trainingskeletal muscle12 weeksmalesn = 10

   Mitochondrial bioenergetics are not associated with myofibrillar protein synthesis rates

   Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle·Jul 15, 2024

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