Indoxyl sulfate

2 papers2 findings

C, W, M, H: cells, worms or flies, mice, humans. Dark: independent labs found the same change there. Light: one lab or one study. Outline: nothing yet.

Labs are independent when their papers share no last author and no institution.

Against: findings that point the other way from most findings on the same outcome.

On aging: the drug’s trials ARN judged to be about aging, of every trial that tests it for any use.

No results posted: trials that ended more than a year ago with no results on ClinicalTrials.gov and no paper in ARN’s record.

Company ties: findings with an author at a company, or from a paper whose competing-interests statement declares ties to one.

1 lab in 1 country

Animals1

Outcomes

Oxidative stress and ROS signalling

upin mouse cells1

1 study

Indoxyl sulfate increases oxidative stress and ROS signalling in mouse cells.
“In vitro, IS upregulated s(P)RR, suppressed peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC1α) and nuclear respiratory factor-1 (Nrf-1), and induced mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and myotube atrophy”
CellsC2C12
Indoxyl Sulfate and Soluble Prorenin Receptor Axis Contributes to Sarcopenia in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients by Inducing Mitochondrial Damage: An Integrated Clinical and Experimental Study
Journal of renal nutrition : the official journal of the Council on Renal Nutrition of the National Kidney Foundation21 Aug 2026

More on Oxidative stress and ROS signalling

Associations

Sarcopenia

upin humans1

1 study

Indoxyl sulfate is associated with sarcopenia in humans.
“Sarcopenic patients exhibited elevated IS and s(P)RR levels and impaired physical performance.”
Humansin maintenance hemodialysis patientsn = 141
Indoxyl Sulfate and Soluble Prorenin Receptor Axis Contributes to Sarcopenia in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients by Inducing Mitochondrial Damage: An Integrated Clinical and Experimental Study
Journal of renal nutrition : the official journal of the Council on Renal Nutrition of the National Kidney Foundation21 Aug 2026