Review

Environmental Toxic Metals and Metalloids Exposure and Cardiovascular Health: Current Evidence from Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Biomarkers as Indicators of Subclinical Cardiovascular Effects

Figure 1. Flowchart illustrating studies selection process.
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Figure 1. Flowchart illustrating studies selection process.Flowchart illustrating studies selection process.Baldacci et al. · CC BY

Antioxidants

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of global mortality, and environmental toxic metals and metalloids (TMMs) exposure has emerged as an important and potentially modifiable cardiovascular (CV) risk factor.

The paper

Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica

Antioxidants · 1 Sep 2026 · CC BY

doi.org/10.3390/antiox15091104PubMed 42792143

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