Medical debt

1. Medical debt is associated with cancer incidence in humans.

   Humansadjusted multivariable models

   Medical Debt and Advanced Cancer Stage at Diagnosis · JAMA network open · 1 Oct 2026

1. Medical debt raises the risk of head and neck cancer in humans (0.92 additional cases per 100 000 person-years).

   Humansadjusted for urban-rural status, SVI, primary care physician density, and stateseach 10-percentage point increase

   Medical Debt and Advanced Cancer Stage at Diagnosis · JAMA network open · 1 Oct 2026

Head and neck cancer →

1. Medical debt raises the risk of colorectal cancer in humans (0.69 additional cases per 100 000 person-years).

   Humansadjusted for urban-rural status, SVI, primary care physician density, and stateseach 10-percentage point increase

   Medical Debt and Advanced Cancer Stage at Diagnosis · JAMA network open · 1 Oct 2026

Colorectal cancer →

1. Medical debt raises the risk of lung cancer in humans (5.15 additional cases per 100 000 person-years).

   Humansadjusted for urban-rural status, SVI, primary care physician density, and stateseach 10-percentage point increase

   Medical Debt and Advanced Cancer Stage at Diagnosis · JAMA network open · 1 Oct 2026

Lung cancer →