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Estrogen + progesterone

Estrogen + progesterone has been studied in 11 papers since 2006: 1 trial and 5 observational studies in people, 1 in animals, 4 reviews; 2 in the past year. The newest story, Nov 12, 2026: “Hormone and drug curb growth in human uterine tissue grafts”.

Intervention

11 papers study it325 more mention it6 findingsUpdated

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14 new papers in 30 daysSee all 336 papers on estrogen + progesterone

At a glance

The findings reach people, from one lab or study. 4 independent labs in 2 countries; 9 trials, none about aging, 5 with no results posted.

“the use of combined estrogen-progesterone was linked to a higher risk of PD, which increased with the duration of MHT”
Association Between Menopausal Hormone Therapy and Risk for Parkinson's DiseaseJournal of Parkinson's disease2023doi:10.3233/jpd-230230

1 of its findings points the other way.

Mice and humans: a single group. Cells and worms or flies: nothing yet.

C, W, M, H: cells, worms or flies, mice, humans. Dark: independent labs found the same change there. Light: one lab or one study. Outline: nothing yet.

Labs are independent when their papers share no last author and no institution.

Against: findings that point the other way from most findings on the same outcome.

About aging: the drug’s trials about aging. The total counts its trials for every use.

No results posted: trials that ended over a year ago with no results on ClinicalTrials.gov and no paper reporting them.

  • 4 independent labs in 2 countries
  • 1 finding against
  • 9 trials, none about aging, 5 with no results posted
  • Funders: National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital and 7 more
  • Human trial1
  • Humans5
  • Animals1

What did studies of estrogen + progesterone find?

2

Studies of estrogen + progesterone measured 2 outcomes: spine and femur fracture incidence and number of lung alveoli.

Spine and femur fracture incidence

no changein humans1

1 study

  1. Estrogen + progesterone was not clearly linked with spine and femur fracture incidence in humans (postmenopausal Korean women).

    “EPT significantly lowered the incidence of spine and femur fractures with a conventional dose, but not with a low dose.”

    Humanspostmenopausal Korean womenlow dosefemales

    Relationship between menopausal hormone therapy and incidence of fractures in postmenopausal women

    Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society

Number of lung alveoli

upin rhesus monkeys1

1 study

  1. Estrogen + progesterone increases number of lung alveoli in rhesus monkeys (Ovariectomized animals; compared with ovariectomized vehicle controls).

    “A significant increase in alveoli between OVX vehicle animals and those on HRT was also found (P < 0.0001).”

    AnimalsOvariectomized animals; compared with ovariectomized vehicle controlsright middle lung lobefemales

    Elderly Female Rhesus Macaques Preserve Lung Alveoli With Estrogen/Progesterone Therapy

    Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)

What is estrogen + progesterone linked with?

4

Studies link estrogen + progesterone with 4 measures, among them spine and femur fracture incidence, Parkinson's disease and gallbladder cancer.

Spine and femur fracture incidence

downin humans1

1 study

  1. Estrogen + progesterone is associated with spine and femur fracture incidence in humans (postmenopausal Korean women).

    “EPT significantly lowered the incidence of spine and femur fractures with a conventional dose, but not with a low dose.”

    Humanspostmenopausal Korean womenconventional dosefemales

    Relationship between menopausal hormone therapy and incidence of fractures in postmenopausal women

    Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society

Parkinson's disease

upin humans1HR 1.885

1 study

  1. Estrogen + progesterone is associated with Parkinson's disease in humans (Combined estrogen-progesterone menopausal hormone therapy) (HR 1.885, 95% CI 1.218–2.918 for over five years; risk increased with therapy duration).

    “the use of combined estrogen-progesterone was linked to a higher risk of PD, which increased with the duration of MHT”

    HumansCombined estrogen-progesterone menopausal hormone therapyOver five yearsfemales

    Association Between Menopausal Hormone Therapy and Risk for Parkinson's Disease

    Journal of Parkinson's disease

More on Parkinson's disease

Gallbladder cancer

upin humans1OR 1.97

1 study

  1. Estrogen + progesterone is associated with gallbladder cancer in humans (OR 1.97, 95% CI 1.08–3.59).

    “Combined formulations (estrogen-progesterone) were associated with an increased GBC risk (OR, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.08, 3.59).”

    Humansestrogen-progesteronefemales

    Menopausal hormone therapy and risk of biliary tract cancers

    Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.)

More on Gallbladder cancer

Dementia

upin humans1

1 study

  1. Estrogen + progesterone raises the risk of dementia in humans (hormone replacement therapy).

    “Overall, HRT with estrogen plus progesterone in older women seemed to increase the risk of dementia.”

    Reviewhormone replacement therapyfemales

    Age and Sex: Risk Factors for Dementia

    Brain and nerve = Shinkei kenkyu no shinpo

More on Dementia

Has estrogen + progesterone been tested in people?

0 of 9 about aging

Yes: 1 trial and 5 observational studies in people have been published, and 9 trials are registered.

In trials

All 13

Trial sponsors

Latest

Dec 2025: 12Jan 2026: 10Feb 2026: 13Mar 2026: 19Apr 2026: 12May 2026: 10Jun 2026: 15Jul 2026: 9Aug 2026: 10Sep 2026: 15Oct 2026: 11Nov 2026: 5141 papers in 12 months
iScience

Hormone and drug curb growth in human uterine tissue grafts

Progesterone preserved half of the gene-activity response to estradiol, while bazedoxifene broadly suppressed estradiol-driven signaling in grafts of human uterine…Progesterone preserved half of the gene-activity response to estradiol, while bazedoxifene broadly suppressed estradiol-driven signaling in grafts of human uterine lining.

Animal studyInterventions
Paper

See all 336 papers on estrogen + progesterone

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