Clozapine
- 3 independent labs in 3 countries
- 40 trials, none about aging, 17 with no results posted
- Funders: Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología and 5 more
- Humans2
Outcomes
4Exosome production
upin human cells1
1 study
Exosome production
upin human cells1
Clozapine increases exosome production in human cells.
“Clozapine altered microglial morphology, reduced proliferation and migration, and significantly increased exosome production.”
Cellsmicroglia
Clozapine-induced human microglial exosomes impair neurites and cognition
Brain, behavior, and immunityApr 20, 2026
Cognitive function
downin humans1
1 study
Cognitive function
downin humans1
Clozapine impairs cognitive function in humans.
“Clozapine-treated individuals exhibited elevated systemic inflammatory markers and lower cognitive performance compared with healthy controls.”
Humanscompared with healthy controls
Clozapine-induced human microglial exosomes impair neurites and cognition
Brain, behavior, and immunityApr 20, 2026
DNA methylation
downin humans1−88% hypomethylated
1 study
DNA methylation
downin humans1−88% hypomethylated
Clozapine decreases DNA methylation in humans (87.7% hypomethylated).
“We identified 44,716 differentially methylated sites, of which 87.7% were hypomethylated in CLZ-treated patients, and enriched in the longevity pathway genes.”
Humanscompared with drug-naive patients
Frontiers in psychiatryMay 18, 2022
Delta age
downin humans1
1 study
Delta age
downin humans1
Clozapine decreases delta age in humans.
“The Δage in CLZ-treated patients was on average lower compared with drug-naive patients for the three clocks analyzed; however, after data-stratification, this difference remained only in male patients.”
Humansin male patientsmales
Frontiers in psychiatryMay 18, 2022
Associations
1Heart SystemsAge
upin humans1
1 study
Heart SystemsAge
upin humans1
Clozapine is associated with Heart SystemsAge in humans.
“Notably, clozapine use was associated with increased Heart and Inflammation aging, which may partially be driven by smoking.”
Humansin schizophrenia
medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciencesOct 30, 2024Preprint
Trials
0 about aging, of 40Approved
Sep 26, 1989Schizophrenia, Schizophrenia, Treatment-Resistant, Schizoaffective Disorder, neutropenia, behavior
Feb 10, 2004Discontinued
Feb 6, 2013Schizophrenia, Schizophrenia, Treatment-Resistant, Schizoaffective Disorder, neutropenia, behavior
Repurposing
Phase 3Terminated1 trial
Phase 4Completed2 trials
Phase 4Status unknown2 trials
Phase 3Terminated1 trial
Phase 4Status unknown5 trials
Phase 3Completed2 trials
All 13Fewer
Phase 4Results posted2 trials
Phase 4Results posted11 trials
Phase 3Completed1 trial
Phase 4Completed1 trial
Phase 2Completed1 trial
Phase 2Completed1 trial
Early phase 1Recruiting1 trial
In trials
Marijuana Abuse
Phase 4Results posted2 trials
Stopped
NCT05741502TerminatedTreatment-Resistant Schizophrenia
Not able to recruit enough subjects
Trial sponsors
Company2 trialsPhase 362 people
Company1 trialPhase 133 people
Company1 trialPhase 128 people
National Institute of Mental Health
4 trialsPhase 41,818 people
2 trialsPhase 41,672 people
2 trialsPhase 4307 people
2 trialsPhase 498 people
Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center
2 trialsPhase 480 people