Review

Artificial Intelligence Enabled Diagnostics Using Photoplethysmography (PPG): Beyond SpO₂ and Heart Rate

Figure 1. Representative PPG waveform showing the systolic and diastolic components and key morphological features used in PPG analysis.
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Figure 1. Representative PPG waveform showing the systolic and diastolic components and key morphological features used in PPG analysis.Representative PPG waveform showing the systolic and diastolic components and key morphological features used in PPG analysis.Joshi et al. · CC BY

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Abstract

Photoplethysmography (PPG) is a non-invasive optical technique commonly used to measure heart rate and oxygen saturation, but its waveform contains additional physiological information that can be analyzed using artificial intelligence (AI).

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