Intestinal aging-related immune dysfunction: mechanisms and interventions

Intestinal immunosenescence, a hallmark of organismal aging, has emerged as a critical biological process impacting the health of elderly individuals. This review systematically examines the core mechanisms underlying intestinal immunosenescence, including immune cell dysfunction, imbalances in immune-microbiota interactions, and impaired barrier function. We analyze its associations with infectious diseases, chronic inflammation, and neurodegenerative disorders, summarizing recent advances in dietary interventions, microecological therapy, and other emerging strategies. By integrating cutting-edge technologies, we prospect the development of precision interventions aimed at delaying intestinal immunosenescence, thereby providing a theoretical basis for improving the healthspan of the aging population.