Patient-derived serum

1. Patient-derived serum has no effect on HSD11B1 activity in human cells.

   “Pro-inflammatory mediators such as TNFα directly upregulated 11β-HSD1 activity in myotubes, whilst sera from CKD donors did not.”

   Cellssera from chronic kidney disease donorspatient-derived seraprimary human myotube

   Divergent roles of skeletal muscle 11β-HSD1 in age-related and chronic kidney disease-associated sarcopenia

   European journal of endocrinology·30 Apr 2026

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