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Nucleic acid prodrug

Intervention

1 paper5 findings

C, W, M, H: cells, worms or flies, mice, humans. Dark: independent labs found the same change there. Light: one lab or one study. Outline: nothing yet.

Labs are independent when their papers share no last author and no institution.

Against: findings that point the other way from most findings on the same outcome.

On aging: the drug’s trials ARN judged to be about aging, of every trial that tests it for any use.

No results posted: trials that ended more than a year ago with no results on ClinicalTrials.gov and no paper in ARN’s record.

Company ties: findings with an author at a company, or from a paper whose competing-interests statement declares ties to one.

  • 1 lab in 1 country
  • Funders: Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development and 4 more
  • Model organisms1

Outcomes

5

ATP

upin worm cells1

1 study

  1. Nucleic acid prodrug increases ATP in worm cells.

    “It enhances AMP-activated protein kinase activity, fatty acid oxidation, oxidative stress resistance, and mitochondrial respiration, thereby increasing the intracellular ATP levels.”

    Cells

    A Nucleic Acid Prodrug That Activates Mitochondrial Respiration, Promotes Stress Resilience, and Prolongs Lifespan

    Journal of the American Chemical Society13 Jun 2025

More on ATP

Mitochondrial respiration

upin worm cells1

1 study

  1. Nucleic acid prodrug increases mitochondrial respiration in worm cells.

    “It enhances AMP-activated protein kinase activity, fatty acid oxidation, oxidative stress resistance, and mitochondrial respiration, thereby increasing the intracellular ATP levels.”

    Cells

    A Nucleic Acid Prodrug That Activates Mitochondrial Respiration, Promotes Stress Resilience, and Prolongs Lifespan

    Journal of the American Chemical Society13 Jun 2025

Fatty acid β-oxidation

upin worm cells1

1 study

  1. Nucleic acid prodrug increases fatty acid β-oxidation in worm cells.

    “It enhances AMP-activated protein kinase activity, fatty acid oxidation, oxidative stress resistance, and mitochondrial respiration, thereby increasing the intracellular ATP levels.”

    Cells

    A Nucleic Acid Prodrug That Activates Mitochondrial Respiration, Promotes Stress Resilience, and Prolongs Lifespan

    Journal of the American Chemical Society13 Jun 2025

More on Fatty acid β-oxidation

AMPK signalling

upin worm cells1

1 study

  1. Nucleic acid prodrug activates AMPK signalling in worm cells.

    “It enhances AMP-activated protein kinase activity, fatty acid oxidation, oxidative stress resistance, and mitochondrial respiration, thereby increasing the intracellular ATP levels.”

    Cells

    A Nucleic Acid Prodrug That Activates Mitochondrial Respiration, Promotes Stress Resilience, and Prolongs Lifespan

    Journal of the American Chemical Society13 Jun 2025

More on AMPK signalling

Lifespan

upin worms1

1 study

  1. Nucleic acid prodrug extends lifespan in worms.

    “Furthermore, this prodrug markedly extended the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans.”

    Model organisms

    A Nucleic Acid Prodrug That Activates Mitochondrial Respiration, Promotes Stress Resilience, and Prolongs Lifespan

    Journal of the American Chemical Society13 Jun 2025

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