Breast cancer risk

1. Free thyroxine is associated with breast cancer risk in humans (Static versus time-varying HR: 0.62 versus 1.05; 12 events).

   “A previously reported positive elevated-FT4 association was not reproduced and was unstable across static and time-varying models (0.62 vs 1.05; 12 events).”

   HumansElevated FT4; static versus time-varying models; 12 eventsserumMean 6.94 yearsfemales

   Serum thyroid hormone concentrations and breast cancer risk: an extended cohort study with time-varying exposure analysis

   Research Square·16 Oct 2026Preprint

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1. Thyroid-stimulating hormone is associated with breast cancer risk in humans (Time-varying HR 0.90, 95% CI 0.80–1.02; static HR 0.93, 95% CI 0.81–1.07).

   “For euthyroid-range TSH, static and time-varying models gave concordant inverse estimates”

   HumansEuthyroid-range TSH; highest versus lowest tertile; time-varying modelserumMean 6.94 yearsfemalesn = 162,702

   Serum thyroid hormone concentrations and breast cancer risk: an extended cohort study with time-varying exposure analysis

   Research Square·16 Oct 2026Preprint

More on Thyroid-stimulating hormone