SPARE-AD

1. p-Tau217 is associated with SPARE-AD in humans.

   Humanscognitively unimpaired individuals

   Association of plasma biomarkers with longitudinal change in age- and Alzheimer's disease-related brain atrophy patterns · medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 17 Sep 2026 · Preprint

p-Tau217 →

1. VCAM EpiScore is associated with SPARE-AD in humans.

   “An elevated VCAM EpiScore and a lower BMP EpiScore was associated with an increase in SPARE‐AD and decline in cognition.”

   Humansbrain

   Epigenetic signatures of plasma protein abundance are associated with longitudinal brain and cognitive trajectories in older adults · AAIC 2025 abstract · 25 Dec 2025

VCAM EpiScore →

1. MMP12 EpiScore is associated with SPARE-AD in humans.

   “An elevated MMP12 EpiScore was associated with steeper decline in total brain volume and cognition, as well as increases in SPARE‐AD.”

   Humanslongitudinal trajectorybrainup to 16.4 yearsn = 431

   Epigenetic signatures of plasma protein abundance are associated with longitudinal brain and cognitive trajectories in older adults · AAIC 2025 abstract · 25 Dec 2025

MMP12 EpiScore →