The Living Lab Concept in the Detection, Prevention and Monitoring of Geriatric Syndromes in Elderly Patients with Cardiovascular Disease-A Narrative Review

Background: Population ageing has increased the burden of geriatric syndromes among older adults with cardiovascular disease, where frailty is associated with adverse outcomes, including hospitalization, functional decline, and mortality. Digital technologies and Living Lab approaches offer new opportunities for the early detection, prevention, and monitoring of these conditions through user-centred innovation and stakeholder collaboration. Our purpose is to review the role of technology in the detection, prevention, and monitoring of geriatric syndromes in older adults with cardiovascular disease and to explore the potential of the Living Lab model for developing and implementing innovative solutions in geriatric care. Materials and Methods: A narrative review was conducted using PubMed, CINAHL, MEDLINE, and ScienceDirect. Eleven studies were included. Evidence on physical, cognitive, psycho-emotional, and social frailty, as well as technology-enabled assessment and monitoring approaches, was synthesized. Results: Digital technologies, including wearable sensors, telemonitoring platforms, mobile health applications, machine-learning models, and digital phenotyping tools, supported the early identification and monitoring of frailty, fall risk, cognitive decline, depressive symptoms, and functional deterioration. Technology-assisted interventions improved physical and cognitive performance and promoted social engagement. The Living Lab model facilitated the co-creation, evaluation, and validation of technologies in real-world settings, enhancing usability, acceptability, and implementation in clinical practice. Conclusions: Technology-supported assessment and monitoring can improve the management of geriatric syndromes in older adults with cardiovascular disease. Living Labs provide a valuable framework for the user-centred development and integration of these innovations, supporting personalized and proactive care strategies that promote healthy ageing.