Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate

1. Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate induces ferroptosis in mice.

   “TDCIPP exposure suppressed glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) expression and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, collectively triggering macrophage ferroptosis.”

   Animalsgestational exposuredecidual macrophages

   TDCIPP disrupts decidual macrophage function to induce miscarriage through ferroptosis-mediated DNA damage

   Journal of hazardous materials·27 Jan 2026

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1. Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate increases embryonic resorption in mice.

   “gestational exposure to TDCIPP provoked a pro-inflammatory phenotype in decidual macrophages, accompanied by increased embryonic resorption.”

   Animalsgestational exposuredeciduafemales

   TDCIPP disrupts decidual macrophage function to induce miscarriage through ferroptosis-mediated DNA damage

   Journal of hazardous materials·27 Jan 2026

1. Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate shortens lifespan in worms (-3.09% to -10.31%).

   “reduced the mean lifespan (3.09%-10.31%, 1.84%-8.74%).”

   Model organismsexposure to 0.1-1000 μg/L TDCPP0.1-1000 μg/L

   Disruption of the Reproductive-Metabolic-Aging Signaling Cascade by Organophosphate Esters: Comparative Toxicity of Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate and Bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate in Caenorhabditis elegans

   Environmental science & technology·21 Dec 2025

1. Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate is associated with miscarriage in humans.

   “TDCIPP accumulated in human decidua and was positively associated with spontaneous pregnancy loss.”

   Humansgestational exposurefemales

   TDCIPP disrupts decidual macrophage function to induce miscarriage through ferroptosis-mediated DNA damage

   Journal of hazardous materials·27 Jan 2026

More on Miscarriage