Serial passaging

1. Serial passaging increases senescence-associated beta-galactosidase in human cells.

   “Astrocytes derived from aged progenitors showed an increase in SA-β-gal activity, loss of Lamin B1, DDR activation, and an altered mitochondrial morphology.”

   Cellsin astrocytes derived from aged progenitors

   Replicative senescence of neural progenitors induces astrocyte senescence in 2D cultures and human midbrain organoids

   bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)·19 Jun 2026Preprint

2. Serial passaging increases senescence-associated beta-galactosidase in human cells.

   “the expression of the senescence-associated (SA)-β-gal staining marker was higher”

   Cellslate passage (P15) vs early passageumbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells

   Whole transcriptome scanning and validation of negatively related genes in UC-MSCs

   Heliyon·12 Mar 2024

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1. Serial passaging induces cellular senescence in human cells.

   “Extended passaging induced senescence-associated changes in NESCs, including reduced proliferative capacity, decreased cleaved caspase 3 (CC3) and telomerase mRNA expression, and DNA damage response (DDR) activation”

   Cellsin human iPSC-derived NESCs

   Replicative senescence of neural progenitors induces astrocyte senescence in 2D cultures and human midbrain organoids

   bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)·19 Jun 2026Preprint

2. Serial passaging induces cellular senescence in human cells.

   “verify classic markers of senescence, like senescence-associated ß-galactosidase and the development of a senescence-associated secretory phenotype among fibroblasts during emerging senescence.”

   Cellsin serial passaging model

   Endothelial Effects in the Elderly: Fibroblast Regulation in Soft Tissue Healing

   Journal of cellular physiology·1 Oct 2025

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1. Serial passaging activates DNA damage response in human cells.

   “In human midbrain organoids (hMOs), passage-induced ageing was associated with astrocyte-specific DDR activation and lipidomic remodelling.”

   Cellsin human midbrain organoids

   Replicative senescence of neural progenitors induces astrocyte senescence in 2D cultures and human midbrain organoids

   bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)·19 Jun 2026Preprint

More on DNA damage response

1. Serial passaging decreases Lamin B1 in human cells.

   “Astrocytes derived from aged progenitors showed an increase in SA-β-gal activity, loss of Lamin B1, DDR activation, and an altered mitochondrial morphology.”

   Cellsin astrocytes derived from aged progenitors

   Replicative senescence of neural progenitors induces astrocyte senescence in 2D cultures and human midbrain organoids

   bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)·19 Jun 2026Preprint

More on Lamin B1

1. Serial passaging decreases telomere length in O. aries cells.

   “HP cells showed telomere shortening, ROS accumulation, ATP depletion, and SASP secretion.”

   Cellshigh passage (P40)articular cartilagen = 3

   Comparative phenotypic and molecular profiling of replicative and chemically-induced senescence in articular chondrocytes

   Cell death discovery·23 Feb 2026

More on Telomere length

1. Serial passaging decreases UBE2C in human cells.

   “KIFC1 and UBE2C were down-regulated in late-phase UC-MSCs, which were involved in the maintenance of stemness.”

   Cellslate passage (P15) vs early passageumbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells

   Whole transcriptome scanning and validation of negatively related genes in UC-MSCs

   Heliyon·12 Mar 2024

More on UBE2C

1. Serial passaging decreases KIFC1 in human cells.

   “KIFC1 and UBE2C were down-regulated in late-phase UC-MSCs, which were involved in the maintenance of stemness.”

   Cellslate passage (P15) vs early passageumbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells

   Whole transcriptome scanning and validation of negatively related genes in UC-MSCs

   Heliyon·12 Mar 2024

More on KIFC1

1. Serial passaging increases fraction of non-dividing cells in mouse cells (reaches 0.6 at last passage).

   “the fraction of non-dividers directly observed increases smoothly with time; the fraction of non-dividers is quite small at the first passage but increases steadily to reach 0.6 at the last passage”

   Cellsabout 30 generations

   The reproductive potential of normal mouse embryo fibroblasts during culture in vitro

   Journal of cell science·1 Mar 1984

1. Serial passaging decreases median colony size in mouse cells.

   “The median colony size decreases with each passage.”

   Cells

   The reproductive potential of normal mouse embryo fibroblasts during culture in vitro

   Journal of cell science·1 Mar 1984

1. Serial passaging is associated with cellular senescence in human cells.

   “characterized the phenotypic changes of MSCs during different aged stages and discovered a stepwise aging process with several distinct subtypes.”

   Cellsmesenchymal stem cell

   Vibrational phenomics decoding of the stem cell stepwise aging process at single-cell resolution

   Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)·23 Feb 2024

2. Serial passaging is associated with cellular senescence in rat cells (9 features).

   “identified nine features that were in common between the two studies even though they had been conducted entirely separately.”

   Cellsupon replicative senescenceembryo fibroblast

   Identification of novel candidates for replicative senescence by functional proteomics

   Oncogene·27 Jun 2002

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