Fractional CO2 laser

1. Fractional CO2 laser decreases most bothersome symptom VAS in humans (-22.1 (95% CI -36.7, -7.5)).

   “most bothersome symptom VAS, -22.1 [95% CI -36.7, -7.5]”

   Human trialvagina6 monthsfemalesn = 25

   The effects of repeat fractional CO₂ laser for postmenopausal vaginal symptoms following unblinding from a double-blind RCT

   Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society·Jun 26, 2025

1. Fractional CO2 laser has no effect on genitourinary syndrome of menopause in humans.

   “the evidence does not support the fractional CO2 laser as an efficacious treatment for genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM).”

   Reviewmenopause

   Laser for genitourinary syndrome of menopause: what we know and what we need to know

   Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society·Feb 19, 2025

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1. Fractional CO2 laser has no effect on dyspareunia in humans (16.3% absolute improvement (not statistically significant)).

   “A 2024 meta-analysis of these trials demonstrated that the symptom with greatest absolute improvement was dyspareunia at 16.3%, although not statistically significant.”

   Reviewgenitourinary syndrome of menopause

   Laser for genitourinary syndrome of menopause: what we know and what we need to know

   Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society·Feb 19, 2025

1. Fractional CO2 laser increases cell cycle regulation in humans (p < 0.05).

   “The percentage of proliferative Ki67-positive VECs was increased in patients whose vaginal TL lengthened after laser treatment (p < 0.05).”

   Human trialGSMvaginal epithelial cellsfemalesn = 17

   Clinical and laboratory results in vaginal wall restoration using a fractional-pixel-CO₂ laser: histological findings and changes in the Ki67 protein and telomere length

   Lasers in medical science·Sep 8, 2023

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1. Fractional CO2 laser increases telomere length in humans.

   “The laser treatment induced a significant rise on the TL of vaginal epithelial cells (VECs)”

   Human trialGSMvaginal epithelial cellsfemalesn = 17

   Clinical and laboratory results in vaginal wall restoration using a fractional-pixel-CO₂ laser: histological findings and changes in the Ki67 protein and telomere length

   Lasers in medical science·Sep 8, 2023

More on Telomere length

1. Fractional CO2 laser increases extracellular matrix in humans (p < 0.05, p < 0.005, p < 0.0005).

   “enhancement of collagen (p < 0.05), elastic fibers (p < 0.005), and hyaluronic acid (p < 0.0005) content in the lamina propria after fractional-pixel-CO2 laser treatment”

   Human trialGSMlamina propriafemalesn = 17

   Clinical and laboratory results in vaginal wall restoration using a fractional-pixel-CO₂ laser: histological findings and changes in the Ki67 protein and telomere length

   Lasers in medical science·Sep 8, 2023

1. Fractional CO2 laser improves genitourinary syndrome of menopause symptoms in humans (p < 0.05).

   “The results show an improvement of the clinical symptoms of GSM (p < 0.05)”

   Human trialGSMvaginafemalesn = 17

   Clinical and laboratory results in vaginal wall restoration using a fractional-pixel-CO₂ laser: histological findings and changes in the Ki67 protein and telomere length

   Lasers in medical science·Sep 8, 2023

1. Fractional CO2 laser improves vaginal epithelial thickness in humans (6 of 11 increased in proximal and distal VET, 2 of 11 in one side).

   “6 out of 11 natural menopause patient showed increase in both proximal and distal VET, while two natural menopause patient showed increase in VET in only one side of vaginal tract”

   Human trialnatural menopausevaginan = 11

   Optical coherence tomography evaluation of vaginal epithelial thickness during CO₂ laser treatment: A pilot study

   Journal of biophotonics·Jul 22, 2022

More on Vaginal epithelial thickness