Dual use of e-cigarettes and combustible cigarettes

1. Dual use of e-cigarettes and combustible cigarettes raise the risk of hypertension in humans (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.16-1.72).

   Reviewdual use of e-cigarettes and combustible cigarettes

   Associations of exclusive e-cigarette use and dual use of e-cigarettes and combustible cigarettes with prevalent and incident hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis · American journal of preventive cardiology · 24 Jul 2026

Hypertension →