Cumulative ldl-c exposure

1. Cumulative ldl-c exposure increases coronary artery calcium in humans (OR 2.96, 95% CI 2.07-4.28).

   “Compared to tertile 1, adjusted odds of CAC>0 were (OR: 1.47; 95% CI: 0.99-2.17; p=0.051) in tertile 2 and (OR: 2.96; 95% CI: 2.07-4.28; p<0.001) in tertile 3.”

   Humanstertile 3 vs tertile 1, adjusted oddsn = 2,159

   Cumulative LDL-C Exposure and Presence of CAC at Midlife: A Combined Predictor of Long-Term Cardiovascular Risk

   AHA Scientific Sessions 2025 abstract·3 Nov 2025

More on Coronary artery calcium

1. Cumulative ldl-c exposure raises the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events in humans (HR 1.47, 95% CI 1.05-2.17).

   “both higher LDL-C AUC (HR: 1.47; 95% CI: 1.05-2.17; p=0.026) and CAC>0 (HR:2.31; 95% CI: 1.69-3.16; p<0.001) were independently associated with increased risk of MACE.”

   Humansadjusted for age, race, sex, SBP, BMI, HDL-C, eGFR, and triglycerides18 yearsn = 2,159

   Cumulative LDL-C Exposure and Presence of CAC at Midlife: A Combined Predictor of Long-Term Cardiovascular Risk

   AHA Scientific Sessions 2025 abstract·3 Nov 2025