Cigarette smoke

1. Cigarette smoke increases MMP2 and MMP7 expression in human cells.

   “MMP2 and MMP7 expression levels increased only by RC”

   Cells1R6F reference cigarette smoke extractTIG-1 lung fibroblasts

   Effects of Aerosol Extract From Heated Tobacco Products on Senescence-Associated Gene Expression in Human Lung Fibroblasts

   Geriatrics & gerontology international·1 Mar 2026

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1. Cigarette smoke increases VEGFA in human cells.

   “CCR6+ Th17 cells showed a higher sensitivity to CSE-induced senescence compared to controls, which is associated to oxidative stress and higher VEGFα secretion.”

   Cellsin CCR6+ Th17 lymphocytescigarette smoke extract

   Cigarette smoking induces human CCR6⁺Th17 lymphocytes senescence and VEGF-A secretion

   Scientific reports·16 Apr 2020

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1. Cigarette smoke induces cellular senescence in human cells.

   “CCR6+ Th17 cells showed a higher sensitivity to CSE-induced senescence compared to controls”

   Cellsin cultured lymphocytescigarette smoke extract

   Cigarette smoking induces human CCR6⁺Th17 lymphocytes senescence and VEGF-A secretion

   Scientific reports·16 Apr 2020

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1. Cigarette smoke induces emphysema in humans.

   “Emphysematous changes in the lung take years to develop after exposure to cigarette smoke”

   Reviewchronic exposure

   Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and the hallmarks of aging

   Lung India : official organ of Indian Chest Society·1 Jan 2018

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1. Cigarette smoke induces inflammation in humans.

   “cigarette smoke and ageing, elicit a chronic low-grade systemic inflammatory response”

   Review

   Coronary artery disease concomitant with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

   European journal of clinical investigation·26 Oct 2013

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