FOXO1/FOXO3/FOXO4

1. FOXO1/FOXO3/FOXO4 increases K48 polyubiquitinated protein accumulation in mice.

   “accumulation of K48 polyubiquitinated proteins were observed in quad and TA but were prevented by FoxO deletion.”

   Animalsshown by muscle-specific FoxO1/3/4 triple knockoutquadriceps and tibialis anterior

   Loss of FoxOs in muscle increases strength and mitochondrial function during aging

   Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle·28 Nov 2022

More on K48 polyubiquitinated protein accumulation

1. FOXO1/FOXO3/FOXO4 decreases muscle mitochondrial respiration in mice (Knockout increased mitochondrial respiration by 10–20% versus controls).

   “a 10-20% increase in muscle mitochondrial respiration using glutamate/malate/succinate compared with controls (P < 0.05).”

   Animalsshown by muscle-specific FoxO1/3/4 triple knockout; respiration measured using glutamate/malate/succinateskeletal muscle

   Loss of FoxOs in muscle increases strength and mitochondrial function during aging

   Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle·28 Nov 2022

1. FOXO1/FOXO3/FOXO4 decreases lean mass in mice (Knockout increased lean mass by 26–33% versus aged controls and younger groups).

   “Lean mass was increased in Aged TKO compared with both Aged Ctrl and younger groups by 26-33% (P < 0.01).”

   Animalsshown by muscle-specific FoxO1/3/4 triple knockout

   Loss of FoxOs in muscle increases strength and mitochondrial function during aging

   Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle·28 Nov 2022

1. FOXO1/FOXO3/FOXO4 impairs muscle strength in mice.

   “FoxO deletion increases muscle strength even during aging.”

   Animalsshown by muscle-specific FoxO1/3/4 triple knockoutskeletal muscle

   Loss of FoxOs in muscle increases strength and mitochondrial function during aging

   Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle·28 Nov 2022