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Type 2 diabetes incidence

There are 9 papers on type 2 diabetes incidence in aging research: 1 trial and 7 observational studies in people, 1 review. The newest story, Nov 7, 2026: “Blood proteins offer clues to air pollution’s diabetes link”.

Disease

9 papers study it31 more mention it18 findings

4 new papers in 30 daysSee all 40 papers on type 2 diabetes incidence

“statin initiation was associated with a marked elevation in type 2 diabetes risk.”
Triangulated causal inference with deep counterfactual learningfor individualized statin-associated type 2 diabetes riskResearch Square2026doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-8659216/v1
  • Human trial1
  • Humans7

Interventions

3

Acarbose

downin humans1

1 study

  1. Acarbose decreases type 2 diabetes incidence in humans (prediabetes; randomized trials with minimum 3-year intervention) (NNT 6.7).

    “Acarbose decreased the occurrence of T2DM (number needed to treat [NNT], 6.7).”

    Reviewprediabetes; randomized trials with minimum 3-year interventionminimum 3 yearsn = 2,628

    Acarbose Monotherapy and Type 2 Diabetes Prevention in Eastern and Western Prediabetes: An Ethnicity-specific Meta-analysis

    Clinical therapeutics

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Metformin

downin humans1

1 study

  1. Metformin decreases type 2 diabetes incidence in humans (compared with placebo) (31% reduction (95% CI 17 to 43%) versus placebo).

    “and metformin by 31 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 17 to 43 percent), as compared with placebo”

    Human trialcompared with placebo850 mg twice dailyaverage follow-up 2.8 years

    Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin

    The New England journal of medicine

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Lifestyle modification program

downin humans1

1 study

  1. Lifestyle modification program decreases type 2 diabetes incidence in humans (compared with placebo) (58% reduction (95% CI 48 to 66%) versus placebo).

    “The lifestyle intervention reduced the incidence by 58 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 48 to 66 percent)”

    Human trialcompared with placebogoals of at least 7 percent weight loss and at least 150 minutes of physical activity per weekaverage follow-up 2.8 years

    Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin

    The New England journal of medicine

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Upstream

4

Protein score

mediatesin humans1

1 study

  1. Protein score is linked with type 2 diabetes incidence in humans (Mediation of associations between air pollutant exposures and type 2 diabetes) (Proportions mediated: PM2.5 31.69%; NO2 18.06%; NOx 16.81%; SO2 19.71%).

    “The protein score mediated 31.69% (PM2.5), 18.06% (NO2), 16.81% (NOx), and 19.71% (SO2) of the associations.”

    HumansMediation of associations between air pollutant exposures and type 2 diabetesplasma13.64 yearsn = 44,917

    Blood proteins offer clues to air pollution’s diabetes link

    Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)

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Health system network site type

upin humans1

1 study

  1. health system network site type is linked with higher type 2 diabetes incidence in humans (health system networks compared with geographic centers) (326.8 (HS) vs 195.0 (geographic centers) per 100,000 persons per year).

    “T2D incidence rates were 195.0 and 326.8 per 100,000 persons per year for geographic centers and HS, respectively”

    Humanshealth system networks compared with geographic centers

    Type 2 Diabetes Incidence in Youth and Young Adults Aged 10–44 in the Diabetes in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults Network (DiCAYA) Study, 2018–2023

    ADA Scientific Sessions 2026 abstract

Age

upin humans1

1 study

  1. Age is linked with higher type 2 diabetes incidence in humans.

    “Rates increased with age, were higher among females, and were highest among non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic youth.”

    Humans

    Type 2 Diabetes Incidence in Youth and Young Adults Aged 10–44 in the Diabetes in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults Network (DiCAYA) Study, 2018–2023

    ADA Scientific Sessions 2026 abstract

Longitudinal change in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D

no changein humans1

1 study

  1. Longitudinal change in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D was not clearly linked with type 2 diabetes incidence in humans (whole study sample).

    “Longitudinal changes in S-25(OH)D did not associate with T2D incidence in the whole study sample.”

    Humanswhole study sample8.2 yearsn = 3,014

    Vitamin D status and type 2 diabetes incidence in Finnish adults-a longitudinal survey and register-based study using standardized serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D data

    European journal of nutrition

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Associations

10

Statins

upin humans2

2 studies

  1. Statins are associated with type 2 diabetes incidence in humans (Free of diagnosed diabetes and without substantial baseline hyperglycemia) (UK Biobank adjusted risk ratios 2.18-2.25; broader baseline-only IPTW weighted risk ratio 1.95).

    “Recorded statin exposure was consistently associated with higher incident T2D risk across three longitudinal cohorts.”

    HumansFree of diagnosed diabetes and without substantial baseline hyperglycemia10 years in UK Biobank sensitivity analyses

    Individualized statin associated type 2 diabetes risk estimation with a deep causal model

    Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.)

  2. Statins are associated with type 2 diabetes incidence in humans (normoglycemic individuals; UK, US, and UAE cohorts) (Adjusted risk ratios: 2.30 over 10 years in the UK, 2.54 over 10 years in the US, and 2.01 over 5 years in the UAE).

    “statin initiation was associated with a marked elevation in type 2 diabetes risk.”

    Humansnormoglycemic individuals; UK, US, and UAE cohorts10 years in UK and US cohorts; 5 years in UAE cohort

    Triangulated causal inference with deep counterfactual learningfor individualized statin-associated type 2 diabetes risk

    Research SquarePreprint

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Sulfur dioxide

upin humans1

1 study

  1. Sulfur dioxide is associated with type 2 diabetes incidence in humans.

    “Per IQR increase in PM2.5, NO2, NOx, and SO2 was associated with 5%–14% higher T2D risk.”

    HumansPer IQR increase13.64 yearsn = 44,917

    Blood proteins offer clues to air pollution’s diabetes link

    Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)

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Nitrogen oxides

upin humans1

1 study

  1. Nitrogen oxides are associated with type 2 diabetes incidence in humans.

    “Per IQR increase in PM2.5, NO2, NOx, and SO2 was associated with 5%–14% higher T2D risk.”

    HumansPer IQR increase13.64 yearsn = 44,917

    Blood proteins offer clues to air pollution’s diabetes link

    Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)

More on Nitrogen oxides

Nitrogen dioxide

upin humans1

1 study

  1. Nitrogen dioxide is associated with type 2 diabetes incidence in humans.

    “Per IQR increase in PM2.5, NO2, NOx, and SO2 was associated with 5%–14% higher T2D risk.”

    HumansPer IQR increase13.64 yearsn = 44,917

    Blood proteins offer clues to air pollution’s diabetes link

    Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)

More on Nitrogen dioxide

Fine particulate matter

upin humans1

1 study

  1. Fine particulate matter is associated with type 2 diabetes incidence in humans.

    “Per IQR increase in PM2.5, NO2, NOx, and SO2 was associated with 5%–14% higher T2D risk.”

    HumansPer IQR increase13.64 yearsn = 44,917

    Blood proteins offer clues to air pollution’s diabetes link

    Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)

More on Fine particulate matter

Type 2 diabetes polygenic score

upin humans1

1 study

  1. Type 2 diabetes polygenic score is associated with type 2 diabetes incidence in humans (Top decile of genetic susceptibility; temporal trend).

    “Additional analyses suggested an increasing diabetes incidence in participants aged 20-39 years in the top decile of genetic susceptibility”

    HumansTop decile of genetic susceptibility; temporal trend

    Temporal changes and genetic susceptibility to type 2 diabetes (1984-2019; HUNT): a longitudinal, population-based study

    The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology

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Low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D

upin humans1HR 1.61

1 study

  1. Low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D is associated with type 2 diabetes incidence in humans (adjusted HR 1.61, 95% CI 1.03–2.51).

    “had a higher T2D risk (adjusted HR 1.61 [95% CI 1.03–2.51]) than those in the highest tertile (> 71.6 nmol/L).”

    HumansSerum 25-hydroxyvitamin D < 50 nmol/L in H2000; lowest H2011 tertile (< 62.8 nmol/L) versus highest (> 71.6 nmol/L)8.2 years

    Vitamin D status and type 2 diabetes incidence in Finnish adults-a longitudinal survey and register-based study using standardized serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D data

    European journal of nutrition

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Older age

upin humans1

1 study

  1. Older age is linked with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes incidence in humans (Model-estimated interventional effect) (About 40–50% higher risk).

    “High alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and older age increased risk by about 40–50%”

    HumansModel-estimated interventional effect11 yearsn = 2,102

    Causal analysis of traditional and environmental risk factors for long-term development of type 2 diabetes using a conditional survival Bayesian network: evidence from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study

    BMC public health

Alanine aminotransferase

upin humans1

1 study

  1. Alanine aminotransferase is linked with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes incidence in humans (High ALT; model-estimated interventional effect) (About 40–50% higher risk).

    “High alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and older age increased risk by about 40–50%”

    HumansHigh ALT; model-estimated interventional effect11 yearsn = 2,102

    Causal analysis of traditional and environmental risk factors for long-term development of type 2 diabetes using a conditional survival Bayesian network: evidence from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study

    BMC public health

More on Alanine aminotransferase

Obesity

upin humans1

1 study

  1. Obesity is linked with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes incidence in humans (Model-estimated intervention setting BMI to obese rather than normal weight) (Approximately doubled 11-year risk versus normal weight).

    “setting BMI to the obese category approximately doubled 11-year T2D risk compared with normal weight.”

    HumansModel-estimated intervention setting BMI to obese rather than normal weight11 yearsn = 2,102

    Causal analysis of traditional and environmental risk factors for long-term development of type 2 diabetes using a conditional survival Bayesian network: evidence from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study

    BMC public health

More on Obesity

Latest

Dec 2025: 0Jan 2026: 5Feb 2026: 2Mar 2026: 3Apr 2026: 0May 2026: 1Jun 2026: 1Jul 2026: 1Aug 2026: 2Sep 2026: 1Oct 2026: 1Nov 2026: 219 papers in 12 months
Environmental Pollution

Blood proteins offer clues to air pollution’s diabetes link

A blood-protein score statistically accounted for 31.69% of the association between fine-particle pollution and type 2 diabetes in a cohort of 44,917 people.A blood-protein score statistically accounted for 31.69% of the association between fine-particle pollution and type 2 diabetes in a cohort of 44,917 people.

Cohort · 44,917 peopleMechanisms
Paper

See all 40 papers on type 2 diabetes incidence

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