Low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D

1. Low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D is linked with a higher risk of frailty in humans (1.71-fold).

   “Men in the lowest serum 25(OH)D quartile (≤39.3 nmol/L) exhibited a 5.3% higher FI (P=0.047) and 1.71-fold increased odds of frailty (P=0.005)”

   Humans≤39.3 nmol/L vs >63.3 nmol/Lmalesn = 6,589

   Low Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D as a Risk Factor for Frailty in Community-Dwelling Older Men: A Korean Nationwide Study

   Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea)·Nov 7, 2025

2. Low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D is associated with frailty in humans (Lowest versus highest serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level) (OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.17–1.38).

   “The pooled OR of frailty for the lowest versus the highest level of vitamin D was 1.27 (95% CI=1.17-1.38, I2=59%)”

   ReviewLowest versus highest serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D leveln = 17,815

   Association of vitamin D deficiency and frailty: A systematic review and meta-analysis

   Maturitas·Sep 13, 2016

1. Low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D is associated with type 2 diabetes incidence in humans (adjusted HR 1.61, 95% CI 1.03–2.51).

   “had a higher T2D risk (adjusted HR 1.61 [95% CI 1.03–2.51]) than those in the highest tertile (> 71.6 nmol/L).”

   HumansSerum 25-hydroxyvitamin D < 50 nmol/L in H2000; lowest H2011 tertile (< 62.8 nmol/L) versus highest (> 71.6 nmol/L)8.2 years

   Vitamin D status and type 2 diabetes incidence in Finnish adults-a longitudinal survey and register-based study using standardized serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D data

   European journal of nutrition·Jan 24, 2026

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