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Parkinson's disease risk

There are 10 papers on Parkinson's disease risk in aging research: 7 observational studies in people, 3 reviews. The newest story, Nov 9, 2026: “Diabetes drug target genes show no clear Parkinson’s link in humans”.

Disease

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3 new papers in 30 daysSee all 70 papers on Parkinson's disease risk

“Sulfonamide diuretics (ATC-C03CA), in particular furosemide (C03CA01), showed the most robust signal.”
Identifying Protective Drugs for Parkinson's Disease in Health-Care Databases Using Machine LearningMovement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society2022doi:10.1002/mds.29205
  • Humans7

Interventions

4

Alcohol

no changein humans1

1 study

  1. Alcohol showed no clear effect on Parkinson's disease risk in humans (Compared with non-drinkers).

    “with significant effects in women and no association in low-level drinkers.”

    ReviewCompared with non-drinkerslow-level

    Impact of Alcohol Intake on Parkinson's Disease Risk and Progression: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies

    Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society

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Traditional dutch dietary pattern

no changein humans1

1 study

  1. Traditional dutch dietary pattern was not clearly linked with Parkinson's disease risk in humans (HR per SD 0.90 (95% CI 0.69–1.17)).

    “the 'Traditional Dutch' pattern (HR per SD 0.90 (95% CI 0.69-1.17)).”

    HumansPer standard deviation of dietary pattern scoreAverage follow-up of 14.1 yearsn = 9,414

    Diet Quality and Risk of Parkinson's Disease: The Rotterdam Study

    Nutrients

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Unhealthy dietary patterns

no changein humans1

1 study

  1. Unhealthy dietary patterns were not clearly linked with Parkinson's disease risk in humans (HR per SD 1.05 (95% CI 0.85–1.29)).

    “the 'Unhealthy' pattern (HR per SD 1.05 (95% CI 0.85-1.29))”

    HumansPer standard deviation of dietary pattern scoreAverage follow-up of 14.1 yearsn = 9,414

    Diet Quality and Risk of Parkinson's Disease: The Rotterdam Study

    Nutrients

More on Unhealthy dietary patterns

Overall diet quality

no changein humans1

1 study

  1. Overall diet quality was not clearly linked with Parkinson's disease risk in humans (HR per SD 0.93 (95% CI 0.77–1.12)).

    “no associations with PD risk were found for the Dutch diet quality score (HR per SD 0.93 (95% CI 0.77-1.12))”

    HumansPer standard deviation of Dutch diet quality scoreAverage follow-up of 14.1 yearsn = 9,414

    Diet Quality and Risk of Parkinson's Disease: The Rotterdam Study

    Nutrients

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Upstream

4

Antidiabetic drug targets

no changein humans1

1 study

  1. antidiabetic drug targets were not clearly linked with Parkinson's disease risk in humans.

    “MR analyses showed no significant associations across consortia or in meta-analysis.”

    HumansMendelian randomization using instrumental variables from fasting glucose and HbA1c and gene expression

    Diabetes drug target genes show no clear Parkinson’s link in humans

    NPJ Parkinson's disease

25-hydroxyvitamin D

no changein humans1

1 study

  1. 25-hydroxyvitamin D was not clearly linked with Parkinson's disease risk in humans (Genetically predicted 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels; three Parkinson's disease cohorts).

    “Data from three PD cohorts revealed no significant correlation between 25(OH)D levels and PD risk using the IVW method”

    HumansGenetically predicted 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels; three Parkinson's disease cohorts

    No association between genetically predicted vitamin D levels and Parkinson's disease

    PloS one

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Gout

no changein humans1RR 0.94

1 study

  1. Gout showed no clear effect on Parkinson's disease risk in humans (RR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.86-1.04).

    “We found no significant association between gout and the risk of PD among both sexes (RR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.86-1.04)”

    Review

    Association between gout and the development of Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis

    BMC neurology

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LDL cholesterol

no changein humans1OR 1.01

1 study

  1. LDL cholesterol was not clearly linked with Parkinson's disease risk in humans (sex-specific two-sample cis-Mendelian randomization) (OR 1.01, 95% CI 0.60–1.69).

    “We did not find evidence of a causal relationship between LDL-C levels and PD risk in females”

    Humanssex-specific two-sample cis-Mendelian randomizationfemales

    Lipid-lowering drug targets and Parkinson's disease: A sex-specific Mendelian randomization study

    Frontiers in neurology

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Associations

14

Tobacco smoking

downin humans1

1 study

  1. Tobacco smoking is associated with Parkinson's disease risk in humans (32-60% risk reduction in smokers).

    “The inverse association between tobacco smoking and Parkinson's disease (PD) risk, known as the smoking paradox”

    Review

    The Nicotine-Parkinson Paradox and Molecular Hydrogen from the Gut Microbiome

    Frontiers in aging neuroscience

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Smoking + alcohol

downin humans1

1 study

  1. Smoking + alcohol is associated with Parkinson's disease risk in humans (Combined alcohol and smoking exposure) (Reported LRR = -0.37).

    “Combined alcohol and smoking exposure produced the greatest PD risk reduction (LRR = -0.37)”

    ReviewCombined alcohol and smoking exposure

    Impact of Alcohol Intake on Parkinson's Disease Risk and Progression: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies

    Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society

More on Smoking + alcohol

Alcohol

downin humans1

1 study

  1. Alcohol is associated with Parkinson's disease risk in humans (Reported LRR = -0.20; I2 = 90.1%).

    “with pooled estimates confirming an inverse association (LRR = -0.20, I2 = 90.1%).”

    Review

    Impact of Alcohol Intake on Parkinson's Disease Risk and Progression: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies

    Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society

More on Alcohol

microbial metabolic pathways

mixedin humans1

1 study

  1. microbial metabolic pathways are associated with Parkinson's disease risk in humans.

    “Three pathways were implicated in PD risk: valine, leucine, and isoleucine degradation, butanoate metabolism, and propanoate metabolism.”

    Humans

    Gut Microbial Metabolites and Future Risk of Parkinson's Disease: A Metabolome-Wide Association Study

    Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society

Microbial metabolites

mixedin humans1

1 study

  1. Microbial metabolites are associated with Parkinson's disease risk in humans (13 nominally associated metabolites; P < 0.05; none significant after multiple testing correction).

    “Thirteen microbial metabolites were identified nominally associated with PD risk (P-value < 0.05)”

    HumansPre-diagnostic sampling; associations did not remain significant after multiple testing correctionplasma

    Gut Microbial Metabolites and Future Risk of Parkinson's Disease: A Metabolome-Wide Association Study

    Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society

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Polygenic risk score

mixedin silico1

1 study

  1. Polygenic risk score predicts Parkinson's disease risk in silico.

    “Olfactory function and polygenic risk scores were the most important predictors for PD risk.”

    In silico

    Prediction of Parkinson's Disease Using Machine Learning Methods

    Biomolecules

More on Polygenic risk score

Olfactory function

mixedin silico1

1 study

  1. Olfactory function predicts Parkinson's disease risk in silico.

    “Olfactory function and polygenic risk scores were the most important predictors for PD risk.”

    In silico

    Prediction of Parkinson's Disease Using Machine Learning Methods

    Biomolecules

Penalized logistic regression

upin silico1

1 study

  1. penalized logistic regression predicts Parkinson's disease risk in silico (AUC 0.94; Brier score 0.08).

    “penalized logistic regression achieving an area under the curve of 0.94 and a Brier score of 0.08.”

    In silico

    Prediction of Parkinson's Disease Using Machine Learning Methods

    Biomolecules

Gout

upin humans1RR 1.09

1 study

  1. Gout is associated with Parkinson's disease risk in humans (RR = 1.09; 95% CI: 1.02-1.17).

    “although the association was significant for females (RR = 1.09; 95% CI: 1.02-1.17)”

    Reviewfemales

    Association between gout and the development of Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis

    BMC neurology

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Insulins and analogs

downin humans1

1 study

  1. Insulins and analogs are associated with Parkinson's disease risk in humans.

    “Other signals included adrenergics in combination with anticholinergics (R03AL) and insulins and analogues (A10AD).”

    Humans2-year exposure period starting 10 years before the index date

    Identifying Protective Drugs for Parkinson's Disease in Health-Care Databases Using Machine Learning

    Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society

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All 14

Latest

Dec 2025: 4Jan 2026: 2Feb 2026: 1Mar 2026: 3Apr 2026: 1May 2026: 4Jun 2026: 3Jul 2026: 2Aug 2026: 6Sep 2026: 1Oct 2026: 2Nov 2026: 231 papers in 12 months
NPJ Parkinson's Disease

Diabetes drug target genes show no clear Parkinson’s link in humans

A genetic analysis of 42,083 Parkinson’s cases and 457,090 controls found no significant link between selected diabetes drug targets and disease risk.A genetic analysis of 42,083 Parkinson’s cases and 457,090 controls found no significant link between selected diabetes drug targets and disease risk.

Mendelian randomizationParkinson's disease
Paper
Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology

Two blood pressure drugs linked to lower Parkinson’s risk

Irbesartan and olmesartan had hazard ratios of 0.588 and 0.797 for Parkinson’s disease; the abstract did not specify the comparison drugs.Irbesartan and olmesartan had hazard ratios of 0.588 and 0.797 for Parkinson’s disease; the abstract did not specify the comparison drugs.

Cohort · 890,712 peopleParkinson's disease
Paper

See all 70 papers on Parkinson's disease risk

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