Cardiovascular disease events

1. Tirzepatide prevents cardiovascular disease events in silico (projected for the US population without prior CVD (about 85 million eligible)) (about 2 million events prevented with tirzepatide vs 1.15 million with semaglutide).

   “an estimated 2 million CVD events could be potentially prevented over 10 years after 72 weeks of tirzepatide treatment, vs. 1.15 million with semaglutide”

   In silicoprojected for the US population without prior CVD (about 85 million eligible)10 or 15 mg10 years

   Tirzepatide compared with semaglutide and 10-year cardiovascular disease risk reduction in obesity: post-hoc analysis of the SURMOUNT-5 trial

   European heart journal open·Sep 2, 2025

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1. Cold spell was not clearly linked with cardiovascular disease events in humans (PROSPER).

   “No increased risk was found in PROSPER.”

   HumansPROSPER1997 to 9 until 2009male and femalesn = 2,519

   Effect of cold spells and their modifiers on cardiovascular disease events: Evidence from two prospective studies

   International journal of cardiology·May 13, 2016

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1. B-type natriuretic peptide is associated with cardiovascular disease events in humans (BNP ≥40 pg/mL; adjusted for sleep blood pressure) (Sleep BP-adjusted HR 1.80 (95% CI 1.18–2.74); awake home BP-adjusted HR 1.92 (95% CI 1.26–2.91)).

   “The sleep BP-adjusted hazard ratio of high BNP for CVD was 1.80 (95% CI: 1.18, 2.74)”

   HumansBNP ≥40 pg/mL; adjusted for sleep blood pressureMean follow-up of 9.4 yearsn = 5,751

   The mediating role of sleep blood pressure in the association between B-type natriuretic peptide and cardiovascular events: The Nagahama Study

   American journal of hypertension·Oct 24, 2026

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1. AgeDiff is linked with a higher risk of cardiovascular disease events in humans (highest vs lowest AgeDiff quartile) (+21% risk; HR 1.21 (95% CI 1.12–1.30)).

   “the risk of CVD events in the highest quartile increased by 21% in men (HR=1.21, 95%CI: 1.12-1.30)”

   Humanshighest vs lowest AgeDiff quartilemales

   Application of biological age for cardiovascular risk prediction in a community-based Chinese cohort

   Beijing da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Peking University. Health sciences·Jun 13, 2026

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1. Glucosamine is associated with cardiovascular disease events in humans (Diabetes or prediabetes) (HR 0.94, 95% CI 0.91–0.96).

   “We found significant inverse associations between glucosamine use and risk of CVD events among participants with diabetes and prediabetes”

   HumansDiabetes or prediabetesMedian follow-up of 10.56 yearsn = 54,096

   Association of Habitual Glucosamine Use with Cardiovascular Disease among Individuals with Prediabetes and Diabetes: A Prospective Cohort Study from the UK Biobank

   Journal of integrative and complementary medicine·Feb 19, 2026

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1. Obesity is associated with cardiovascular disease events.

   “Obesity is associated with overall CVD events and atherosclerosis”

   Review

   The association of obesity with cardiovascular disease risk and risk-enhancing factors

   Journal of clinical lipidology·Jan 1, 2026

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1. Hydroxychloroquine is linked with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease events in patients with hypertension or diabetes mellitus, versus no HCQ exposure (HR 0.67 (95% CI 0.55–0.83)).

   “The patients with HCQ exposure had reduced risk of CVD events [HR (hazard ratio)=0.67 95%CI: 0.55-0.83]”

   Humansin patients with hypertension or diabetes mellitus, versus no HCQ exposure

   Hydroxychloroquine exposure reduces the risk of cardiovasular disease events in patients with hypertension or diabetes mellitus

   Clinical and experimental rheumatology·May 24, 2023

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1. Acarbose is linked with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease events in humans (per 30-day supply increase in exposure; composite CVD events) (7% lower (95% CI 6-7%) per 30-day supply).

   “the risks of hepatic injury, composite CVD events, and all-cause mortality were significantly lowered by 9% (95% confidence interval: 6-12%), 7% (6-7%) and 7% (7-8%), respectively”

   Humansper 30-day supply increase in exposure; composite CVD events

   Hepatic and cardiovascular safety of acarbose among type 2 diabetes patients with end-stage renal disease: A nationwide population-based longitudinal study

   Diabetes research and clinical practice·Oct 6, 2020

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1. Frailty index predicts cardiovascular disease events in humans (compared with the Framingham score) (C-statistic 0.60 (95% CI 0.60-0.61) versus 0.58 (95% CI 0.57-0.58); P<0.001).

   “The index statistically outperformed the Framingham score in its ability to discriminate CVD events (C-statistic, 0.60 [95% CI, 0.60-0.61] versus 0.58 [95% CI, 0.57-0.58], respectively; P<0.001)”

   Humanscompared with the Framingham score

   Accumulation of Deficits as a Key Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality: A Pooled Analysis of 154 000 Individuals

   Journal of the American Heart Association·Jan 28, 2020

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1. Statins are linked with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease events in humans (propensity-score-matched statin users and non-users) (HR 0.86 (95% CI 0.70-1.06)).

   “non-significant lower risk of CVD events, HR 0.86 (95% CI 0.70-1.06)”

   Humanspropensity-score-matched statin users and non-usersmedian 7 yearsmalesn = 7,213

   Statins for Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Events and Mortality in Older Men

   Journal of the American Geriatrics Society·Sep 11, 2017

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1. Intensive blood pressure control lowers the risk of cardiovascular disease events in humans (102 vs 148 events; HR 0.66 (95% CI 0.51-0.85)).

   “there was a significantly lower rate of the primary composite outcome (102 events in the intensive treatment group vs 148 events in the standard treatment group”

   Human trialSBP target <120 mm Hgmedian follow-up 3.14 years

   Intensive vs Standard Blood Pressure Control and Cardiovascular Disease Outcomes in Adults Aged ≥75 Years: A Randomized Clinical Trial

   JAMA·May 20, 2016

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1. Winter is associated with cardiovascular disease events in humans (BRHS and PROSPER).

   “More CVD events were registered in winter in both studies.”

   HumansBRHS and PROSPER

   Effect of cold spells and their modifiers on cardiovascular disease events: Evidence from two prospective studies

   International journal of cardiology·May 13, 2016

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