Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure

1. Exercise decreases pulmonary capillary wedge pressure in progressive LVPO (10.52 ± 0.35 vs 11.88 ± 0.34 mmHg).

   “At 5 weeks, PCWP was lower in the LVPO exercise group (10.52 ± 0.35 vs 11.88 ± 0.34 mmHg, p<0.05).”

   Animalsin progressive LVPOleft ventricle5 weeks

   Myocardial stiffness properties are improved in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) in pigs by a regular exercise regime

   AHA Scientific Sessions 2025 abstract·Nov 3, 2025

More on Exercise

1. Ketone ester decreases pulmonary capillary wedge pressure in humans (at peak exercise) (-5 mm Hg (95% CI, -9 to -1)).

   “decreased pulmonary capillary wedge pressure at rest by 1 mm Hg (95% CI, -2 to 0) and at peak exercise by 5 mm Hg (95% CI, -9 to -1)”

   Human trialat peak exercise25 g × 4 daily2 weeksn = 24

   Randomized Crossover Trial of 2-Week Ketone Ester Treatment in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction

   Circulation·Aug 20, 2024

More on Ketone ester

1. Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure is associated with frailty in humans.

   “Age and PCWP correlated with higher frailty scores.”

   Humans

   Frailty Status Predicts Adverse Outcomes in Ambulatory Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction

   JACC. Advances·Feb 26, 2026