M1 and M2 macrophage markers

1. ATG5-OVEREXPRESSING mesenchymal stem cell transplantation is associated with M1 and M2 macrophage markers in rats.

   “ATG5-overexpressing MSC transplantation was also associated with lower M1 and higher M2 macrophage markers and a more anti-inflammatory cytokine profile.”

   Animalsmedial collateral ligament injuryATG5-overexpressing aged mesenchymal stem cellsmedial collateral ligament

   ATG5-overexpressing MSCs improve ligament healing with an associated shift toward M2 macrophage polarization in aged rats

   Open medicine (Warsaw, Poland)·12 Oct 2026

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