CTX-II

1. Glucosamine decreases CTX-II in humans.

   “the administration of glucosamine-containing diet significantly decreased the CTX-II level but not the CPII level in these athletes.”

   Human trialin soccer and rugby players with intense joint loading

   Chondroprotective action of glucosamine, a chitosan monomer, on the joint health of athletes

   International journal of biological macromolecules·Mar 30, 2019

2. Glucosamine decreases CTX-II in humans (P<0.05).

   “glucosamine administration (1.5 g and 3 g/day for 3 months) significantly decreased the CTX-II level (P<0.05)”

   Human trialin soccer players1.5 g and 3 g/day3 months

   Evaluation of the effect of glucosamine administration on biomarkers for cartilage and bone metabolism in soccer players

   International journal of molecular medicine·Oct 1, 2009

3. Glucosamine decreases CTX-II in humans (-15.5%).

   “those with high cartilage turnover presented a significant decrease in CTX-II after 12-month glucosamine treatment.”

   Human trialknee OA patients with high cartilage turnover (CTX II > normal average + 1SD)urine12-month

   Osteoarthritic patients with high cartilage turnover show increased responsiveness to the cartilage protecting effects of glucosamine sulphate

   Clinical and experimental rheumatology·Jan 1, 2004

4. Glucosamine has no effect on CTX-II in humans.

   “There was no significant difference in the CTX-II response in the placebo group and the glucosamine treated group.”

   Human trialoverall knee OA patientsurinen = 212

   Osteoarthritic patients with high cartilage turnover show increased responsiveness to the cartilage protecting effects of glucosamine sulphate

   Clinical and experimental rheumatology·Jan 1, 2004

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1. Resveratrol decreases CTX-II in humans.

   “the resveratrol group showed a greater reduction in hsCRP and urinary CTX-II”

   Human trialcombined with a low-calorie diettrans-resveratrol150 mg/day10-dayfemalesn = 97

   Effects of Resveratrol as an Adjunct to a Low-Calorie Diet in Postmenopausal Women with Obesity and Knee Osteoarthritis

   medRxiv·Jun 11, 2026Preprint

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1. CTX-II is associated with joint space width in humans (R = 0.43, p < 0.05).

   “The 12 months change in CTX-II in OA patients with elevated CTX-II at baseline correlated with the change in average joint space width observed after 36 months (R = 0.43, p < 0.05).”

   Human trialknee OA with elevated baseline CTX-II36 months

   Osteoarthritic patients with high cartilage turnover show increased responsiveness to the cartilage protecting effects of glucosamine sulphate

   Clinical and experimental rheumatology·Jan 1, 2004

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1. CTX-II is associated with disease severity in humans (p < 0.01).

   “Increased baseline levels of CTX-II were associated with a worsening of the WOMAC index (p < 0.01).”

   Human trialbaseline knee OAn = 212

   Osteoarthritic patients with high cartilage turnover show increased responsiveness to the cartilage protecting effects of glucosamine sulphate

   Clinical and experimental rheumatology·Jan 1, 2004

1. Osteoarthritis is associated with CTX-II in humans (222.4 +/- 159.5 vs 169.1 +/- 92.3 ng/mmol, p < 0.0001).

   “This was significantly above the CTX-II levels measured in urine samples from 415 healthy controls (169.1 +/- 92.3 ng/mmol, p < 0.0001).”

   Human trialknee osteoarthritisurine

   Osteoarthritic patients with high cartilage turnover show increased responsiveness to the cartilage protecting effects of glucosamine sulphate

   Clinical and experimental rheumatology·Jan 1, 2004

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