25-hydroxyvitamin D3

1. Exercise increases 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in humans (+60.6%).

   Human trialprediabetes12 weeks88.7% femalesn = 20

   Comparison of Traditional Chinese Exercise and Equipment-Based Exercise on Glycaemic Control and Vitamin D Levels in Middle-Aged and Elderly Patients With Prediabetes: A Randomised Controlled Trial

   Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism·1 Sep 2026

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1. 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 is associated with 2-h OGTT glucose in humans (partial r = -0.358, p = 0.006).

   Human trialprediabetes

   Comparison of Traditional Chinese Exercise and Equipment-Based Exercise on Glycaemic Control and Vitamin D Levels in Middle-Aged and Elderly Patients With Prediabetes: A Randomised Controlled Trial

   Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism·1 Sep 2026

More on 2-h OGTT glucose

1. 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 is associated with METS-IR in humans (β = -0.0831, 95% CI -0.0983 to -0.0680).

   Humansnationally representative samplen = 9,297

   Relationship of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D with the metabolic score for insulin resistance in Korean adults

   Endocrine journal·22 Aug 2026

More on METS-IR