Effects of Dual-Task Resistance Training and Detraining on Immunometabolic Markers in Institutionalized Older Adults

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a 12-week dual-task resistance training (RT) program on inflammatory and metabolic biomarkers in institutionalized older adults and assess the impact of detraining. METHODS: The study followed a crossover experimental design. Participants were 11 older adults (mean age: 81.9 ± 3.0 years), who completed baseline (week 1), post-control (weeks 14-15), post-training (week 28), and post-detraining (week 42) assessments over 42 weeks. Immunometabolic markers, including interleukin (IL)-10, IL-18, IL-17, transforming growth factor-beta, sestrin-2, klotho, adiponectin, leptin, and irisin, were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. A 12-week dual-task RT program (weeks 16-27) was carried out progressively, incorporating cognitive tasks during lower limb exercises. Cognitive complexity increased monthly, and detraining followed in weeks 29-41. RESULTS: Results demonstrated a significant post-training increase in IL-10 (p = 0.011) and a decrease in IL-18 (p < 0.001), indicating improved inflammatory status. Metabolic markers such as sestrin-2 (p = 0.016), klotho (p < 0.001), adiponectin (p = 0.019), and irisin (p = 0.009) also increased post training. Notably, klotho and irisin levels remained elevated post detraining, suggesting sustained benefits. CONCLUSION: Dual-task RT enhanced inflammatory and metabolic profiles, partially retaining benefits after detraining. This intervention presents a viable strategy to mitigate aging-related systemic health decline in vulnerable populations.