Mechanistic insights into stem cell fate regulation via RNA methylation

Stem cells possess an extraordinary ability for self-renewal and differentiation, making them essential for tissue repair, regeneration, and anti-aging. RNA methylation is crucial in regulating stem cell fate by modulating gene expression. This review synthesizes current research on RNA methylation modifications, such as m⁶A, m⁷G, m⁵C, and m¹A, and their impact on adult stem cell fate. It provides a comprehensive overview of the molecular machinery involved in RNA methylation, emphasizes the critical roles of these modifications in stem cell biology, reviews the latest advancements in sequencing technologies, and discusses potential crosstalk between RNA methylation and epigenetic mechanisms.