Theaflavin-3,3'-digallate

1. Theaflavin-3,3'-digallate protects against osteoarthritis in mice.

   “Animal experiments further confirmed that TF3 exerted anti-senescence effects and delayed joint degeneration.”

   Animalsin mouse model of destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM)joint

   Theaflavin-3,3'-digallate attenuates chondrocyte senescence via modulating FGF7 and KEAP1/NRF2 signaling pathway

   Free radical biology & medicine·19 May 2026

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1. Theaflavin-3,3'-digallate inhibits cellular senescence in mouse cells.

   “TF3 suppressed the expression of senescence-associated proteins, including p16Ink4a, p21, IL-6, and MMP13”

   Cellsin IL-1β induced cell senescence modelcartilage

   Theaflavin-3,3'-digallate attenuates chondrocyte senescence via modulating FGF7 and KEAP1/NRF2 signaling pathway

   Free radical biology & medicine·19 May 2026

More on Cellular senescence

1. Theaflavin-3,3'-digallate decreases non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice.

   “A macrophage membrane-coated nanoparticle (MM@NP-TFDG) delivered TFDG specifically to hepatic macrophages, suppressed the Mas-PKM2-Spi1 lactylation axis, and ameliorated MASLD pathology in vivo.”

   Animalsin diet-induced MASLD micemacrophage membrane-coated nanoparticle (MM@NP-TFDG)liver

   Myeloid Mas drives pyruvate kinase M2-mediated Spi1 lactylation to fuel inflammatory senescence in MASLD

   Signal transduction and targeted therapy·19 May 2026

More on Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease