Repetitive head impacts
Intervention1 paper2 findings
- Humans1
Outcomes
2Depressive symptoms
upin humans1Low certainty
1 study
Depressive symptoms
upin humans1Low certainty
Repetitive head impacts increase depressive symptoms in humans.
“longer duration of soccer play, higher level of play, greater estimated cumulative heading frequency, and concussion history were significantly associated with worse self-reported cognitive functioning, greater behavioral dysregulation, and elevated depressive symptom severity”
Humansfemalesn = 2,732
Cognitive and Behavioral Functioning in Female Former Soccer Players: Results from the Head Impact and Trauma Surveillance Study (HITSS) · Brain sciences · 15 Sep 2026
Behavioral dysregulation
upin humans1Low certainty
1 study
Behavioral dysregulation
upin humans1Low certainty
Repetitive head impacts increase behavioral dysregulation in humans.
“longer duration of soccer play, higher level of play, greater estimated cumulative heading frequency, and concussion history were significantly associated with worse self-reported cognitive functioning, greater behavioral dysregulation”
Humansfemalesn = 2,732
Cognitive and Behavioral Functioning in Female Former Soccer Players: Results from the Head Impact and Trauma Surveillance Study (HITSS) · Brain sciences · 15 Sep 2026