GLP-1 receptor agonists + SGLT2 inhibitors

8 papers16 findings

Human studies associate combined GLP-1 receptor agonists and SGLT2 inhibitors with lower mortality, including a preprint in type 2 diabetes with COPD. One study finds no atrial fibrillation reduction versus SGLT2 inhibitors alone; a review describes lower myocardial infarction and stroke risks versus monotherapy.

C, W, M, H: cells, worms or flies, mice, humans. Dark: independent labs found the same change there. Light: one lab or one study. Outline: nothing yet.

Labs are independent when their papers share no last author and no institution.

Against: findings that point the other way from most findings on the same outcome.

No results posted: trials that ended more than a year ago with no results on ClinicalTrials.gov and no paper in ARN’s record.

Company ties: findings with an author at a company, or from a paper whose competing-interests statement declares ties to one.

8 independent labs in 7 countries
1 finding against

Humans6

Outcomes

3

Mortality

downin humans1HR 0.54

1 study

GLP-1 receptor agonists + SGLT2 inhibitors decrease mortality in humans (HR 0.54, 95% CI 0.34-0.87).
Humansvs GLP-1 RA in adults after catheter ablation for AFn = 952
The Effect of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists versus Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors Alone and in Combination on AF Recurrence and Cardiovascular Outcomes after Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation
Heart rhythm17 Sep 2026

Atrial fibrillation

no changein humans1RR 1

1 study

GLP-1 receptor agonists + SGLT2 inhibitors have no effect on atrial fibrillation in humans (RR 1.00, 95% CI 0.84-1.19).
Humanscompared to SGLT2i without GLP-1RA in adults with type 2 diabetes5 yearsn = 216,293
Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors, Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists, and Incident Atrial Fibrillation in Type 2 Diabetes: A Population-Based Target Trial Emulation
European journal of preventive cardiology6 Sep 2026

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Total estimated glomerular filtration rate slope

upin humans1

1 study

GLP-1 receptor agonists + SGLT2 inhibitors improve total estimated glomerular filtration rate slope in humans (MD + 2.29 mL/min/1.73 m2/year, 95% CI 0.14-4.44).
Reviewversus GLP-1RA alone
Combined use of SGLT2 inhibitor and GLP-1 receptor agonist versus either monotherapy for cardiorenal Outcomes: an exploratory network meta-analysis of 16 randomized trials
Endocrine19 Aug 2026

Associations

10

Major adverse cardiovascular events

downin humans3RR 0.56–0.83

3 studies

GLP-1 receptor agonists + SGLT2 inhibitors lower the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events in humans (RR 0.56, 95% CI 0.43–0.71).
Reviewcompared with either monotherapy
Combined Use of Glp-1 Receptor Agonists and Sglt2 Inhibitors in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Observational Cohort Studies
Research Square10 Sep 2026Preprint
GLP-1 receptor agonists + SGLT2 inhibitors lower the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events in humans (RR 0.83, 95% CI 0.72-0.96).
Reviewversus SGLT2i alone
Combined use of SGLT2 inhibitor and GLP-1 receptor agonist versus either monotherapy for cardiorenal Outcomes: an exploratory network meta-analysis of 16 randomized trials
Endocrine19 Aug 2026
GLP-1 receptor agonists + SGLT2 inhibitors lower the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events in humans.
Humanstype 2 diabetesat least one yearn = 238
Does Combination Therapy With a Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist and a Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor Enhance Cardiovascular and Renal Protection in People With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?
Cureus15 Jul 2026

Mortality

downin humans2RR 0.5

2 studies

GLP-1 receptor agonists + SGLT2 inhibitors lower the risk of mortality in humans (RR 0.50, 95% CI 0.40–0.63).
Reviewcompared with either monotherapy
Combined Use of Glp-1 Receptor Agonists and Sglt2 Inhibitors in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Observational Cohort Studies
Research Square10 Sep 2026Preprint
GLP-1 receptor agonists + SGLT2 inhibitors lower the risk of mortality in humans (HR 0.86, 95% CI 0.81–0.93).
HumansT2DM and COPDup to 4 years
Combined GLP-1 Receptor Agonist and SGLT2 Inhibitor Therapy for Adults with Type 2 Diabetes and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Large-Scale Target Trial Emulation
Research Square31 Aug 2026Preprint

Stroke

downin humans1HR 0.85

1 study

GLP-1 receptor agonists + SGLT2 inhibitors lower the risk of stroke in humans (HR 0.85, 95% CI 0.77-0.93).
Reviewcompared with their monotherapy
Effect of Combination Therapy with SGLT2 Inhibitors and GLP-1 Receptor Agonists on Myocardial Infarction and Stroke in Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders1 Sep 2026

Myocardial infarction

downin humans1HR 0.79

1 study

GLP-1 receptor agonists + SGLT2 inhibitors lower the risk of myocardial infarction in humans (HR 0.79, 95% CI 0.70-0.88).
Reviewcompared with their monotherapy
Effect of Combination Therapy with SGLT2 Inhibitors and GLP-1 Receptor Agonists on Myocardial Infarction and Stroke in Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders1 Sep 2026

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Pneumonia

downin humans1HR 0.93

1 study

GLP-1 receptor agonists + SGLT2 inhibitors lower the risk of pneumonia in humans (HR 0.93, 95% CI 0.89–0.98).
HumansT2DM and COPDup to 4 years
Combined GLP-1 Receptor Agonist and SGLT2 Inhibitor Therapy for Adults with Type 2 Diabetes and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Large-Scale Target Trial Emulation
Research Square31 Aug 2026Preprint

More on Pneumonia

Hospitalisation for heart failure

downin humans1RR 0.73

1 study

GLP-1 receptor agonists + SGLT2 inhibitors lower the risk of hospitalisation for heart failure in humans (RR 0.73, 95% CI 0.56-0.94).
Reviewversus SGLT2i alone
Combined use of SGLT2 inhibitor and GLP-1 receptor agonist versus either monotherapy for cardiorenal Outcomes: an exploratory network meta-analysis of 16 randomized trials
Endocrine19 Aug 2026

Composite renal outcomes

downin humans1RR 0.63

1 study

GLP-1 receptor agonists + SGLT2 inhibitors lower the risk of composite renal outcomes in humans (RR 0.63, 95% CI 0.41-0.97).
Reviewversus placebo
Combined use of SGLT2 inhibitor and GLP-1 receptor agonist versus either monotherapy for cardiorenal Outcomes: an exploratory network meta-analysis of 16 randomized trials
Endocrine19 Aug 2026

Stroke or TIA

downin humans1HR 0.78

1 study

GLP-1 receptor agonists + SGLT2 inhibitors lower the risk of stroke or TIA in humans (HR 0.78, 95% CI 0.75-0.81).
Humanspatients with T2DM and ASCVDmedian of 5.5 years60% malesn = 138,397
Stroke risk in diabetic patients with concomitant cardiovascular disease the CARDIAB-Stroke study
Annales d'endocrinologie17 Aug 2026

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Chronic kidney disease

downin humans1

1 study

GLP-1 receptor agonists + SGLT2 inhibitors lower the risk of chronic kidney disease in humans.
Humanstype 2 diabetesat least one yearn = 238
Does Combination Therapy With a Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist and a Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor Enhance Cardiovascular and Renal Protection in People With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?
Cureus15 Jul 2026

More on Chronic kidney disease

Heart failure

downin humans1

1 study

GLP-1 receptor agonists + SGLT2 inhibitors lower the risk of heart failure in humans.
Humanstype 2 diabetesat least one yearn = 238
Does Combination Therapy With a Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist and a Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor Enhance Cardiovascular and Renal Protection in People With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?
Cureus15 Jul 2026

More on Heart failure

Latest

8 in 12 months

Heart Rhythm17 Sep

The Effect of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists versus Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors Alone and in Combination on AF Recurrence and Cardiovascular Outcomes after Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation

Cohort study of 1,393 peopleSGLT2 inhibitors

Research Square11 Sep

Combined Use of Glp-1 Receptor Agonists and Sglt2 Inhibitors in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Observational Cohort Studies

Preprint: study in peopleGLP-1 receptor agonists + SGLT2 inhibitors

European Journal of Preventive Cardiology6 Sep

Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors, Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists, and Incident Atrial Fibrillation in Type 2 Diabetes: A Population-Based Target Trial Emulation

Cohort study of 216,293 peopleSGLT2 inhibitors

Research Square1 Sep

Combined GLP-1 Receptor Agonist and SGLT2 Inhibitor Therapy for Adults with Type 2 Diabetes and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Large-Scale Target Trial Emulation

Preprint: cohort study of 17,467 peopleGLP-1 receptor agonists + SGLT2 inhibitors

Diabetes Therapy1 Sep

Effect of Combination Therapy with SGLT2 Inhibitors and GLP-1 Receptor Agonists on Myocardial Infarction and Stroke in Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Meta-analysisGLP-1 receptor agonists + SGLT2 inhibitors

Endocrine19 Aug

Combined use of SGLT2 inhibitor and GLP-1 receptor agonist versus either monotherapy for cardiorenal Outcomes: an exploratory network meta-analysis of 16 randomized trials

Meta-analysis of randomised trialsSGLT2 inhibitors

Annales D'endocrinologie17 Aug

Stroke risk in diabetic patients with concomitant cardiovascular disease the CARDIAB-Stroke study

Cohort study of 138,397 peopleAtherosclerotic cardiovascular disease

Cureus15 Aug

Does Combination Therapy With a Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist and a Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor Enhance Cardiovascular and Renal Protection in People With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?

Cohort study of 238 peopleGLP-1 receptor agonists + SGLT2 inhibitors