Ketogenic diet + caloric restriction

1. Ketogenic diet + caloric restriction decreases body fat mass in humans (-21.7% vs -7.7%, -9.8%).

   “(body-fat mass: -21.7%, -7.7%, -9.8%; P < 0.001).”

   Human trialobesity and prediabetes12 wk

   Effects of the ketogenic-caloric restricted diet on metabolic endotoxemia and metabolic health in adults with prediabetes: A randomized controlled trial

   Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.)·23 Jan 2026

More on Body fat mass

1. Ketogenic diet + caloric restriction decreases body weight in humans (-10.5% vs -3.9%, -4.5%).

   “Body weight and fat mass reductions were greater in the KD+CR group than in the ND+CR and ND groups (body weight: -10.5%, -3.9%, -4.5%; P < 0.001)”

   Human trialobesity and prediabetes12 wk

   Effects of the ketogenic-caloric restricted diet on metabolic endotoxemia and metabolic health in adults with prediabetes: A randomized controlled trial

   Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.)·23 Jan 2026

More on Body weight

1. Ketogenic diet + caloric restriction decreases HOMA-IR in humans (HOMA-IR: 2.9 ± 0.28, 3.2 ± 0.27, and 4.7 ± 0.29).

   “Insulin and HOMA-IR were significantly lower in KD+CR and ND+CR than in ND (insulin: 12.0 ± 1.1, 13.9 ± 1.0, 19.3 ± 1.1; P < 0.001) (HOMA-IR: 2.9 ± 0.28, 3.2 ± 0.27, and 4.7 ± 0.29; P < 0.001).”

   Human trialobesity and prediabetes12 wk

   Effects of the ketogenic-caloric restricted diet on metabolic endotoxemia and metabolic health in adults with prediabetes: A randomized controlled trial

   Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.)·23 Jan 2026

More on HOMA-IR

1. Ketogenic diet + caloric restriction decreases IL-6 in humans (2.4 ± 0.2 vs 3.9 ± 0.2).

   “Interleukin-6 (IL-6) significantly decreased in KD+CR versus ND (2.4 ± 0.2, 3.9 ± 0.2; P = 0.004).”

   Human trialobesity and prediabetesserum12 wk

   Effects of the ketogenic-caloric restricted diet on metabolic endotoxemia and metabolic health in adults with prediabetes: A randomized controlled trial

   Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.)·23 Jan 2026

More on IL-6

1. Ketogenic diet + caloric restriction increases lipopolysaccharide in humans (158.6 ± 6.9 versus 129.6 ± 6.6, 126.7 ± 7.0).

   “After 12 wk, serum LPS levels were significantly higher in KD+CR group compared with ND+CR and ND (158.6 ± 6.9 versus 129.6 ± 6.6, 126.7 ± 7.0; P = 0.004).”

   Human trialobesity and prediabetesserum12 wk

   Effects of the ketogenic-caloric restricted diet on metabolic endotoxemia and metabolic health in adults with prediabetes: A randomized controlled trial

   Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.)·23 Jan 2026

More on Lipopolysaccharide