6 papers6 findings
Mortality
upin humans1HR 1.29
Low muscle mass raises the risk of mortality in humans (HR 1.29, 95% CI: 1.01-1.51).
“adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) were 1.29 (95% CI: 1.01-1.51) for the CI - /LMM+ group”
Humans
PloS one5 Mar 2026
Mind diet
downin humans1OR 0.79
Mind diet lowers the risk of low muscle mass in humans (OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.69-0.90).
“participants in the highest tertile of cMIND adherence showed substantially lower odds of LMM compared to those in the lowest tertile (odds ratio [OR]: 0.79; 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 0.69-0.90)”
Humanshighest vs lowest tertile of cMIND adherence, fully adjustedn = 13,422
Aging clinical and experimental research2 Feb 2026
Anti-inflammatory dietary diversity
downin humans1OR 0.87
Anti-inflammatory dietary diversity lowers the risk of low muscle mass in humans (OR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.82–0.91).
“each 1-unit increase in DDI, PEDDI, and AIDDI scores was associated with 8% (OR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.89–0.95), 6% (OR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.91–0.98), and 13% (OR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.82–0.91) lower odds of LMM”
Humansfully adjusted modeleach 1-unit increase in AIDDI scoren = 12,986
BMC geriatrics1 Dec 2025
Protein-enriched dietary diversity
downin humans1OR 0.94
Protein-enriched dietary diversity lowers the risk of low muscle mass in humans (OR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.91–0.98).
“each 1-unit increase in DDI, PEDDI, and AIDDI scores was associated with 8% (OR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.89–0.95), 6% (OR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.91–0.98), and 13% (OR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.82–0.91) lower odds of LMM”
Humansfully adjusted modeleach 1-unit increase in PEDDI scoren = 12,986
BMC geriatrics1 Dec 2025
Dietary diversity
downin humans1OR 0.92
Dietary diversity lowers the risk of low muscle mass in humans (OR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.89–0.95).
“each 1-unit increase in DDI, PEDDI, and AIDDI scores was associated with 8% (OR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.89–0.95), 6% (OR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.91–0.98), and 13% (OR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.82–0.91) lower odds of LMM”
Humansfully adjusted modeleach 1-unit increase in DDI scoren = 12,986
BMC geriatrics1 Dec 2025
Subjective well-being
downin humans1OR 0.82
Subjective well-being lowers the risk of low muscle mass in humans (OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.73-0.92).
“participants with better subjective well-being exhibited a reduced likelihood of low muscle mass [OR = 0.82, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.73-0.92, P value < 0.001].”
Humansadjusted for confounding factorsn = 11,345
BMC geriatrics10 Nov 2025
Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital
1 trial222 people
A 2011–2018 cohort study of 4,323 Chinese adults aged 50 or older linked activity more consistently to current strength than later muscle abnormalities.A 2011–2018 cohort study of 4,323 Chinese adults aged 50 or older linked activity more consistently to current strength than later muscle abnormalities.
Compared with participants without low muscle mass, those with it had a hazard ratio of 2.02, indicating a higher rate of later self-reported cancer.Compared with participants without low muscle mass, those with it had a hazard ratio of 2.02, indicating a higher rate of later self-reported cancer.
In 2,657 adults aged 50 and older, low muscle strength was linked to 2.40 times higher odds of rapid functional decline over four years.In 2,657 adults aged 50 and older, low muscle strength was linked to 2.40 times higher odds of rapid functional decline over four years.
Applying scan-based thresholds to an estimated muscle-mass index missed 97 of 123 cases identified by scans in 501 Chinese adults.Applying scan-based thresholds to an estimated muscle-mass index missed 97 of 123 cases identified by scans in 501 Chinese adults.
In older adults, having both type 2 diabetes and low muscle mass had a vertebral fracture prevalence ratio of 3.63 versus neither condition.In older adults, having both type 2 diabetes and low muscle mass had a vertebral fracture prevalence ratio of 3.63 versus neither condition.