Coronary artery and heart disease

1. Chronic venous disease is associated with coronary artery and heart disease in humans (HR 1.3; 95% CI 1.1–1.6).

   “and of coronary artery and heart disease (six studies; 38,331 participants; HR 1.3; 95% CI 1.1, 1.6; p = 0.006).”

   ReviewSix studiesn = 38,331

   Cardiovascular impact of chronic venous disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis

   International journal of cardiology. Heart & vasculature·1 Oct 2026

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