Progranulin

1. Creatine decreases progranulin in humans.

   “Regarding the biochemical tests, creatine supplementation was associated with higher serum creatinine levels (p = 0.04) and decreased PGRN (p = 0.04) compared to the placebo group.”

   Human trialapproximately 90 daysn = 30

   Influence of CReatine Supplementation on mUScle Mass and Strength After Stroke (ICaRUS Stroke Trial): A Randomized Controlled Trial

   Nutrients·Nov 29, 2024

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1. Progranulin was not clearly linked with frailty in humans.

   “Neither NfL nor PGRN levels showed prospective associations with incident frailty over 4 years.”

   Humansplasma4 yearsn = 403

   Associations of plasma neurofilament light chain and progranulin with frailty in older adults

   Journal of the American Geriatrics Society·Dec 15, 2021

1. Progranulin was not clearly linked with sarcopenia in humans.

   “Serum progranulin levels were associated with frailty for all indices (FRAIL, CHS, and FI) but not with sarcopenia.”

   Humansserumn = 358

   Serum progranulin levels are associated with frailty in middle-aged individuals

   PloS one·Sep 4, 2020

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1. GRNMUTATION is linked with lower progranulin in humans (frontotemporal dementia with GRN mutations) (almost complete absence of PGRN in most neurons).

   “The GRN mutation cases exhibited almost complete absence of PGRN in most neurons”

   Humansfrontotemporal dementia with GRN mutationsbrain

   Loss of Lysosomal Proteins Progranulin and Prosaposin Associated with Increased Neurofibrillary Tangle Development in Alzheimer Disease

   Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology·Aug 11, 2021

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1. Progranulin predicts frailty in humans (Diagnostic discrimination) (AUC 0.927, 95% CI 0.896-0.958).

   “The AUC of serum progranulin levels for diagnostic frailty was 0.927 (95% CI 0.896-0.958, p < 0.001).”

   HumansDiagnostic discriminationserumn = 265

   Serum progranulin as a potential biomarker for frailty in Chinese older adults

   Aging clinical and experimental research·Dec 23, 2022

2. Progranulin is associated with frailty in humans (Adjusted for age, sex, BMI, smoking, chronic diseases, and pro-inflammatory cytokines) (OR = 1.003, 95% CI 1.001-1.006).

   “progranulin remained associated with frailty after adjusting for age, sex, BMI, smoking, chronic diseases, and pro-inflammatory cytokines (OR = 1.003, 95% CI 1.001-1.006, p = 0.022).”

   HumansAdjusted for age, sex, BMI, smoking, chronic diseases, and pro-inflammatory cytokinesserumn = 265

   Serum progranulin as a potential biomarker for frailty in Chinese older adults

   Aging clinical and experimental research·Dec 23, 2022

3. Progranulin is associated with frailty in humans.

   “Serum progranulin levels were associated with frailty for all indices (FRAIL, CHS, and FI)”

   Humansserumn = 358

   Serum progranulin levels are associated with frailty in middle-aged individuals

   PloS one·Sep 4, 2020

1. Progranulin is linked with a lower risk of postoperative delirium in humans (undergoing knee/hip arthroplasty) (OR = 0.999, 95%CI 0.999~1.000, P = 0.002).

   “CSF PGRN (P = 0.002, OR = 0.999, 95%CI 0.999~1.000), Aβ42/ t-Tau (P < 0.001, OR = 0.181, 95%CI 0.102~0.319) and Aβ42/p-Tau (P < 0.001, OR = 0.617, 95%CI 0.526~0.725) were inversely proportional to the occurrence of POD”

   Humansundergoing knee/hip arthroplastycerebrospinal fluidn = 825

   Preoperative cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers may be associated with postoperative delirium in patients undergoing knee/hip arthroplasty: the PNDABLE study

   BMC geriatrics·May 10, 2023

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1. Progranulin is associated with IL-6 in humans (Adjusted for age and sex) (r = 0.207, p = 0.001).

   “positively correlated with IL-6 (r = 0.207, p = 0.001) and CXCL-10 (r = 0.160, p = 0.009) after adjusting for age and sex.”

   HumansAdjusted for age and sexserumn = 265

   Serum progranulin as a potential biomarker for frailty in Chinese older adults

   Aging clinical and experimental research·Dec 23, 2022

More on IL-6

1. Progranulin is associated with grip strength in humans (Adjusted for age and sex) (r = - 0.152, p = 0.016).

   “Progranulin levels were negatively correlated with grip strength (r = - 0.152, p = 0.016)”

   HumansAdjusted for age and sexn = 265

   Serum progranulin as a potential biomarker for frailty in Chinese older adults

   Aging clinical and experimental research·Dec 23, 2022

1. TNFR-1 is associated with progranulin in humans.

   “Progranulin was positively associated with GDF-15, TNFR-1, and MCP-1.”

   Humansafter adjustment for age, sex, education, BMI, physical activity, MAPT allocation and APOE ε4 statusn = 475

   TNFR-1 and GDF-15 Are Associated With Plasma Neurofilament Light Chain and Progranulin Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Secondary Analysis of the MAPT Study

   The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences·Dec 13, 2022

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1. GDF-15 is associated with progranulin in humans.

   “Progranulin was positively associated with GDF-15, TNFR-1, and MCP-1.”

   Humansafter adjustment for age, sex, education, BMI, physical activity, MAPT allocation and APOE ε4 statusn = 475

   TNFR-1 and GDF-15 Are Associated With Plasma Neurofilament Light Chain and Progranulin Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Secondary Analysis of the MAPT Study

   The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences·Dec 13, 2022

More on GDF-15

1. Progranulin is associated with presymptomatic mutation carriers vs non-carriers in humans (presymptomatic GRN and C9orf72 carriers near symptom onset).

   “six proteins were identified with a potential to contribute to a separation, including progranulin (GRN)”

   Humanspresymptomatic GRN and C9orf72 carriers near symptom onsetcerebrospinal fluidn = 221

   A panel of CSF proteins separates genetic frontotemporal dementia from presymptomatic mutation carriers: a GENFI study

   Molecular neurodegeneration·Nov 27, 2021

1. Neurofibrillary tangle development is associated with progranulin in humans (immature neurofibrillary tangles).

   “decreased amounts of PGRN and PSAP proteins were detected even in immature neurofibrillary tangles”

   Humansimmature neurofibrillary tanglesbrain

   Loss of Lysosomal Proteins Progranulin and Prosaposin Associated with Increased Neurofibrillary Tangle Development in Alzheimer Disease

   Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology·Aug 11, 2021

1. Progranulin is associated with handgrip strength in humans (longitudinal level, decline over time) (β = -0.02, 95% CI [-0.04, -0.007]).

   “higher PGRN levels were associated with decreasing handgrip strength over time (β = -0.02, 95% CI [-0.04, -0.007])”

   Humanslongitudinal level, decline over time

   Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Associations Between Plasma Neurodegenerative Biomarkers and Physical Performance Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults

   The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences·Nov 14, 2020

1. Progranulin predicts mortality in humans (independent of age, gender, and frailty).

   “Increased serum progranulin levels at baseline predicted poorer outcomes including future frailty as measured by the FRAIL scale and 15-year all-cause mortality independent of age, gender, and frailty.”

   Humansindependent of age, gender, and frailtyserum15 yearsn = 358

   Serum progranulin levels are associated with frailty in middle-aged individuals

   PloS one·Sep 4, 2020