Neutralising antibodies

Biomarker

2 papers2 findings

  • Human trial1
  • Humans1

Interventions

1

Spermidine

upin humans1

1 study
  1. Spermidine increases neutralising antibodies in humans.

    “Spermidine reversed these features and significantly enhanced spike-specific IgG secretion, memory B cell recall responses and neutralising antibody activity, specifically in non-responders.”

    Human trialin vaccine non-responders6 mg daily13 weeksn = 40

    Spermidine Mitigates Immune Cell Senescence and Boosts Vaccine Responses in Healthy Older Adults-A Pilot Study

    Aging cellMay 22, 2026

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Associations

1

IFNγ-secreting CD4+ T cells

downin humans1

1 study
  1. IFNγ-secreting CD4+ T cells are associated with neutralising antibodies in humans.

    “Antigen-specific interferon-γ (IFNγ)-secreting CD4+ T-cells to wild-type and Omicron antigens increased in young adults, which was strongly positively correlated with their neutralising antibody responses. Conversely, this relationship was negative in older adults.”

    Human trialafter two doses of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine

    Relative deficiency in interferon-γ-secreting CD4+ T cells is strongly associated with poorer COVID-19 vaccination responses in older adults

    Aging cellFeb 5, 2024

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