The asialoglycoprotein receptor 1 (ASGR1): emerging new roles in health and disease

The asialoglycoprotein receptor 1 (ASGR1) has an established role as a hepatic receptor that clears desialylated glycoproteins from the bloodstream. Recently, its role in health and disease has expanded beyond this from cardiovascular to cancer and viral infection. Circulating ASGR1 is associated with elevated risk of coronary artery disease. Preclinical studies have reinforced this, showing ASGR1 inhibition reduces atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. ASGR1 controls platelet lifespan and function, thereby regulating coagulation and thrombosis. It also facilitates entry of bacteria and viruses into host cells, causing immunomodulatory effects, and plays dual roles in cancer - promoting and suppressing tumorigenesis. This review provides an in-depth overview of the latest mechanistic insights underlying the roles of ASGR1 in health and disease and elaborates on the progress of ASGR1-targeted therapies.