Older age linked to more blood DNA mutations in multiple sclerosis
An observational study of 404 people found that the association involved mitochondrial DNA and was substantially driven by primary progressive multiple sclerosis.
Cohort study
Limit: Brain mitochondrial DNA mutation patterns were not measured
Edited by Boris Djordjevic · AgingResearch.News
In an observational study of 404 people with multiple sclerosis, researchers sequenced mitochondrial DNA from blood samples. Mitochondria are structures that supply cells with energy and contain their own DNA. The team examined mutations acquired during life that were present in 1–5% of mitochondrial DNA copies.
Older age was associated with more mutations that altered protein-making instructions. Analyses by disease course suggested that the link was substantially driven by 238 people with primary progressive multiple sclerosis, which worsens from the outset. Researchers found no association among 155 people with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, marked by attacks followed by partial or complete recovery. In fast-progressing patients, older age was linked to a higher mutation rate. Slow-progressing patients showed the opposite trend. The authors concluded that age-related patterns of mitochondrial mutations detected in blood differed across disease courses.
Why it matters
Problems with mitochondria have been proposed to contribute to nerve cell degeneration in multiple sclerosis. Studying their age-related DNA changes may help clarify their role across different disease courses.
Caveats
This observational study could not show that the mutations caused disease progression. The DNA came from blood, so the findings do not show whether the same patterns occur in the brain.
- Mitochondrial DNA maintenance
- Mitochondrion
- Multiple sclerosis
- Primary progressive multiple sclerosis
- Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
- Humans
The paper
Distinct age-related pattern of mitochondrial somatic mutations across multiple sclerosis phenotypes
IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele
Journal of Neurology, Jun 6, 2026



